The study stems from the author’s long-time interest in the history of the Czechoslovak foreign resistance during the Great War, particularly in Russia. As to its sources, it draws from a collection of published recollections of Czechoslovak legionnaires and their autobiographic novels and other texts of prose. The author attempts to reconstruct the picture of the return of Czechoslovak legions from Russia to their home country; due to the nature of his sources, however, his intention is not to convey an authentic experience of the return in the fi rst days and weeks, but rather to examine the construct created by the legionnaires’ memories and novels. In this respect, he makes use of, in particular, Anglo-Saxon historical literature dealing with similar topics. The key issues include how individuals or whole social groups were coping with the reality of the newborn republic, which was rather different from the visions of the home country they had been dreaming about while away. An important factor affecting their refl ections was also the required political nonaffi liation of organizations of legionnaires, as well as the criticism of the situation not just among the veterans, but in the entire society. The extent of the idealization of Russia, which was a fairly frequent phenomenon among them, was directly proportional to the disillusionment after their return, and was a mirror image of their previous idealization of home while they had been in Russia. In the author’s opinion, the topic of the return of Czechoslovak legions home and their life in their home country is far from exhausted; this is why the present study should be just a springboard to further broadly conceived research. and Přeložil Jiří Mareš
Suppose F ⊂ [0, 1] is closed. Is it true that the typical (in the sense of Baire category) function in C 1 [0, 1] is one-to-one on F? If dimBF < 1/2 we show that the answer to this question is yes, though we construct an F with dimB F = 1/2 for which the answer is no. If Cα is the middle-α Cantor set we prove that the answer is yes if and only if dim(Cα) ≤ 1/2. There are F’s with Hausdorff dimension one for which the answer is still yes. Some other related results are also presented.
This article summarises the underlying points of Whitehead´s first systematic critique of the "materialistic" theory, which dominate modern scientific reasoning, as well as the philosophical motivation of his criticism of modern epistemology that originated as a result of a specific link towards science. Together with an outline of Whitehead´s critique, this study offers a number of illustrative quotes from the works of thinkers against whom Whitehead delineated his own philosophy sicne his own texts do not systematically come to terms with primary literature. In conclusion, this study sketches out the key traits of Whitehead´s own positon representantive of the particular phase of his thinking under scrutiny., Michal Andrle., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Implicit causality (IC) verbs influence the pronoun ambiguity resolution by directing the speakers’ (readers’ or listeners’) attention to the referent that is likely to be the cause of the event or state. Although IC bias is considered universal, there are cross-linguistic differences in its direction and strength. Previous studies have attempted to build large datasets of IC verbs, but very few Slavic languages have been investigated. In this experimental study, we examined the direction and strength of IC bias in Croatian, an understudied Slavic language in this regard, and compared it with IC bias observed in English. After selecting 137 verbs and classifying them according to thematic roles (agent-patient, agent-evocator, stimulus-experiencer, experiencer-stimulus), 86 participants were asked to complete sentence fragments containing these verbs. The study was conducted under the semantic structure account. Our results show that most Croatian verbs followed the predicted direction, which is consistent with findings suggesting that the direction of IC bias is relatively generalizable across languages. We also detected cross-linguistic variability in the strength of IC bias, especially in stimulus-experiencer verbs. This is consistent with studies showing that the strength of IC bias can vary across languages. Implications for theoretical and methodological approaches are discussed. and Implicitnouzročni glagoli utječu na razdvosmislenje upućivanja zamjenicom usmjeravajući govornikovu (čitateljevu ili slušateljevu) pozornost na referent koji je vjerojatniji uzrok događaja ili stanja. Iako se implicitnouzročna pristranost smatra univerzalnom, pronađene su međujezične razlike u smjeru i jačini glagolske pristranosti. U prijašnjim se istraživanjima težilo stvaranju velikih baza implicitnouzročnih glagola, no ta je jezična pojava nedovoljno istražena u slavenskim jezicima. Cilj ovoga eksperimentalnoga istraživanja bio je ispitati smjer i jačinu pristranosti implicitnouzročnih glagola u hrvatskome, koji je slavenski jezik i u kojem je ta pojava slabo istražena, te dobivene podatke usporediti s podatcima u engleskom jeziku. Izabrano je 137 glagola koji su razvrstani prema semantičkim ulogama (agens – pacijens, agens – pobuđivač, poticajnik – doživljavač, doživljavač – poticajnik). Ukupno je 86 sudionika dovršavalo rečenice s tim glagolima. Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru pristupa značenjske strukture. Rezultati pokazuju da većina hrvatskih glagola pokazuje predviđeni smjer pristranosti, što je u skladu s istraživanjima koja upućuju na to da je smjer implicitnouzročne pristranosti sličan u različitim jezicima. S druge strane, pronađene su međujezične razlike u snazi glagolske pristranosti, ponajprije u kategoriji poticajnik – doživljavač. Taj je rezultat u skladu s istraživanjima koja pokazuju da se jačina implicitnouzročne pristranosti može razlikovati među jezicima. U radu se raspravlja o teorijskim i metodološkim implikacijama.