The paper deals with tapered optical fibres, their preparation and applications for sensing. Enhancement of evanescent wave overlap with an analyte is possible to achieve by tapering telecommunication fibres or steering-wheel microstructured optical fibres. It leads to increasing of sensitivity of detection in comparison to untapered fibre structure. Tapered optical fibre with immobilized optical-chemical transducer on the tip was used as a probe for local pH detection. Tapered single-mode or microstructured optical fibres were successfully prepared by a PC-controlled fibre puller of the own construction. and Článek se zabývá zúženými optickými vlákny, jejich přípravou a využitím pro senzorové aplikace. Zúžením telekomunikačních vláken nebo mikrostrukturních vláken s velkými plášťovými otvory lze dosáhnout většího překryvu evanescentní vlny s analytem, čímž se zvýší citlivost detekce ve srovnání s nezúženou strukturou. Zalomené zúžené optické vlákno s imobilizovaným opticko-chemickým převodníkem na špičce bylo využito jako optická vláknová sonda pro měření pH. Příprava navržených zúžených jednovidových nebo mikrostrukturních optických vláken byla realizována na počítačem řízeném zařízení vlastní konstrukce.
The subject of the presented article is the processing of archaeozoological finds from the Early Middle Age settlement in Brno-Medlánky. This relatively small set consists of two different groups of osteological material. The first represents fragments of bones and teeth coming from the so-called kitchen waste. This set was processed by standard methods consisting in determining the anatomical affiliation, species, age, or sex, and the evidence of traces of manipulation (cutting, chopping, biting). The second group of finds representing several complete skeletons of animals is quite significant, as some of the animals were not consumed. Within the three features, 3 canine (2× a dog, 1× a wolf?), a horse and a pig skeleton in the secondary position were captured. Even in these cases, the basic characteristics of the animals were recorded, including age, sex, height, and post-mortem manipulation. The presence of preserved animal bodies from the settlement in Medlánky was compared with other documented finds of skeletons of animals from this period.
In 2018, during a rescue archaeological excavation taking place in one of the gardens of Staré Město near Uherské Hradiště, 23 early medieval graves containing skeletal remains of 26 individuals were detected. The site is situated on the northern border of the well-known Great Moravian burial ground ‘Na Valách’. In a large number of the newly excavated graves, greater or lesser deviations from the usual funeral rite were recorded. While the established burial rite in Great Moravian society means the deceased lies on their back in the supine position with extended extremities and head towards the west, here we found skeletons in very different orientations, lying in a prone or crouched position, or, at least, with unusual positions of their upper or lower limbs. Additionally, some of the graves contained incomplete or no skeletons. There is also one double burial and a triple burial, and several graves in superpositions. In nine graves, objects of material culture were found, the most important of them come from the rider’s grave 20/2018. The presented study aims to interpret the burial contexts using the bioarchaeological approach, which is, however, affected by the quality of the preserved finds, especially skeletal remains.