Časopis, který vydává Ústav experimentální botaniky AV ČR, publikuje články zaměřené výhradně na studium fotosyntézy. Základní proces probíhající v rostlinách a některých dalších organismech zkoumá z pohledu biofyziky, molekulární biologie, biochemie, fyziologie, a ekologie. Častými tématy článků jsou struktura fotosyntetického aparátu, biochemické a biofyzikální mechanismy fotosyntetických reakcí, ultrastruktura chloroplastů, složení fotosyntetických pigmentů, měření rychlosti fotosyntézy a stanovení fotosyntetické produkce. Významné je i ovlivnění fotosyntetických procesů různými abiotickými a biotickými stresy včetně těch souvisejících s globální změnou klimatu (zvýšená koncentrace CO2, oteplování, sucho, UV záření, aj.). and Ivana Štětinová.
For the first time, scientists have observed ripples in the fabric of space time called gravitational waves, arriving at the earth from a cataclysmic event in the distant universe. This confirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein´s 1915 general theory of relativity and opens an unprecendented new window onto the cosmos. Gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot otherwise be obtained. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second of the merger of two black holes to produce a single, more massive spinning black hole. This collision of two black holes had been predicted but never observed. The gravitational waves were detected on September 14, 2015 at 09.51 UTC by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. The discovery was made by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (which includes the GEO Collaboration and the Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy) and the Virgo Collaboration using data from the two LIGO detectors. Special prominence is given to this topic in the article by Dr. Vladimír Wagner of the Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS. and Vladimír Wagner.
Creating a scientific and educational forum for students, scientists and other professionals to learn about, to share, to contribute to, and to advance the state of knowledge in its field of science is the aim of the Organization for Computational Neuroscience, which staged its annual meeting in Prague in July 18-23, 2015, co-organized by the CAS Institute of Physiology and the Charles University. Keynote speakers at the CNS 2015 Prague: Jack Cowan, Wulfram Gerstner and its president Astrid Prinz gave interviews to the Academic Bulletin, in which they highlighted the both the new findings and main open questions in computational neuroscience. This field combines mathematical analyses and computer simulations with experimental neuroscience to develop a principled understanding of the workings of the nervous systems and apply it in a wide range of technologies. Increasingly studies emphasize the circuitry and network function in the brain. Investigations are focused on the changes of the functional and anatomical features in a healthy brain as compared to dysfunctional brain states; thus, studies of the healthy brain provide insights into brain dysfunction, while observations of dysfunctional brain states give clues to normal brain functioning. This workshop explored computation in both the healthy and dysfunctional brain to uncover what each state might reveal about the other. and Jana Olivová.
Tato studie se věnuje rané fázi mikroskopického zkoumání přírody Antoni van Leeuwenhoeka (1632-1723), které představil ve své korespondenci členům Royal Society. Studie se zaměřuje na období od navázání styku s Royal Society (1673) až do roku 1680, kdy byl Leeuwenhoek zvolen členem společnosti. Z metodologického hlediska studie uplatňuje na Leeuwenhoekovy dopisy členům Royal Society přístup, který představili autoři Steven Shapin a Simon Schaffer v knize Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985). Pokouší se zjistit, jestli se v Leeuwenhoekových dopisech objevují tři strategie, (materiální, literární a sociální), které Shapin a Schaffer přisoudili Robertu Boylovi. Studie potvrzuje, že závěry britských autorů platí i pro jiné vědce., The aim of the study is to discuss the early microscopic examination of nature, introduced by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) in his letters to the Royal Society. The paper focuses on period from the establishing of contact with the Royal Society (1673) to the electing of Leeuwenhoek the member of the Society in 1680. From the methodological point of view the study uses the approach which Steven Shapin a Simon Schaffer presented in their book Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985). The study tries to find out to what extent it is possible to understand Leeuwenhoek's letters as expressing three technologies (material, literary, and social) proposed by the British authors. The paper shows that the Shapin's and Schaffer's understanding of experimental science of Robert Boyle is transferrable to other scientists., and Monika Špeldová.