This paper examines the social origins of the members of the Premonstratensian Canonry at Strahov, Prague, in the last quarter of the 18th and the second quarter of the 19th centuries. In the introduction we outline changes in the composition of the community in the period under discussion (a decline in the number of canons in the late 18th C and its causes; changes in their activities both within the order and in the public sphere). The main focus of the study is two surveys into the social origins of individual Premonstratensians covering the intake of novices in the periods 1750-1763 and 1804-1816, in which we assume they would attain the peak of their monastic career after 20-25 years spent with the order. Our main source was the confirmation of baptism of individual candidates, records of which for the years in question are relatively intact in the Strahov archive; these were supplemented by research in the relevant registries. An analysis of the data showed that the majority of novices at Strahov monastery were young men with an urban background, whereby there is a clearly perceptible shift from the elite urban classes in the first sample to more artisan circles, as well as a higher proportion of privileged boys from small provincial towns, in the second. Surprisingly, in the early years of the 19th century we no longer find the sons of officials employed in patrimonial (i.e. estate) administration. However, a broader chronological sample would be necessary to confirm that this was indeed a long‐term trend. Neither was it confirmed that more young men of rural origin were interested in joining a monastery, as we had assumed, not even those from the Strahov estates. This shift was not to happen till far later in the century., Hedvika Kuchařová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Polycultural locality in Kuřim with prevailing Neolithic settlement was partly excavated in rescue research, which was carried out by Ústav archeologické památkové péče Brno. Moravian Painted Ware Culture represents insignifi cant component of this settlement. The excavated pottery was chronologically classifi ed into the end of its earlier phase. Regarding objects, there was gained not a very large collection of chipped and polished stone industry. The results of analysis of stone industry contribute to mapping of distribution network of stone material during Neolithic in the north of Brno, mainly in relation to Boskovická brázda, which was an important long-distance communication in prehistory., Martin Kuča., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Čínské periferie, často obývané množstvím různorodých nečínských etnik, byly hranicí mezi dvěma odlišnými světy. Čína se povašovala za nositelku civilizace, obyvatele příhraničních regionů vnímala jako součást neprostupné barbarské temnoty. Pohraničí bylo pro Čínu nesmírně důležitou, zároveň však problematickou oblastí. Císařský dvůr vyvíjel na periferie neustálý tlak, jímž se je snažil sevřít do svých kulturních a ideologických vzorců. Vlivní obyvatelé okrajových oblastí byli tímto mocenským centrem zjevně přitahování, sounáležitost s "civilizací" pro ně totiž otevírala mnoho nových ekonomických i politických možností, zároveň však nechtěli opustit své tradice a způsob života. Čína tak musela vyvinout zvláštní a pružný způsob vlády, aby tyto citlivé oblasti nepřímo ovládla a zároveň nemusela na jejich kontrolu vynakládat zbytečně mnoho ekonomických a vojenských prostředků., The present paper outlines the origins, changes and the development of systems of indirect rule in Southwest China. The final stage in the development of this political mechanism was the so-called "native chieftain system" (ch. tusi zhidu), through which the central court managed the peripheral regions of its empire during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The paper focuses on the development of these systems of indirect rule from the Zhou dynasty (11th century BC) to the beginning of the 20th century. The native chieftain system was a turning point in the history of the approach to indirect rule, which was implemented by the Mongolians in the 13th century. They took advantage of the Chinese experience with the "haltered and bridled prefectures system" (Ch. jimi zhidu) adding their own features. During the Ming and Qing dynasties many native chieftains (ch. tusi) were agents of the court, through whom the process of sinicization, and therefore colonization, was practiced. These processes were de facto copleted in the first half of the 18th century, during the role of the emperor Yongzheng. The paper further concludes that many of the features of modern national policy of the PRC were inherited from the political and geographical structure of the native chieftain system. Within the paper, relevant terminology has been translated into Czech in order to support future research initiatives., Jan Karlach., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article follows the spread of the cult of St Maurice in the Czech lands, where it penetrated apparently from the monastery of St Maurice in Niederaltaich. The chapel in the episcopal palace at Prague Castle might have been consecrated to him under Bishop Severus (Šebíř), primarily Bishop of Olomouc Bruno of Schauenburg was responsible for its spread in Moravia. The spread of the cult was helped also by Maurice´s reliquaries, deposited from the middle 12th century in the cathedral in Prague. In the 14th century, Charles IV brought a sword of St Maurice to Prague, which was part of the imperial treasury. The transport of the body of St Sigismund (1365), the founder of the Abbey of St Maurice d´Augane, was also important for the expansion of the cult in Bohemia. The study also follows all of the medieval artistic monuments that are connected with the cult., Petr Kubín., and Obsahuje literaturu a odkazy pod čarou