The article presents different attitudes of Buddhist ethics and onthology towards plants in the course of the long history of the Doctrine from its beginings to contemporary teachers. To demonstrate the broader context and trace possible sources of Buddhist thought on this matter, pre-Buddhist Indian traditions and Jainism are also discussed. The main aim is to tackle the question whether plants have been regarded as sentient beings or not. Thus, the article mainly deals with for this purpose the most relevant Buddhist texts, scholars and time periods, namely the ancient layers of the Pali Canon, Japanese esoteric schools (Tendai, Shingon) and contemporary \buddhist preachers. The answer is much more complex than might be expected and varies across texts and scholars. Its extreme poles of 1. a sharp rejection of plants as sentient beings, and 2. plants attaining the nirvana merely by completing the vegetation process are shown., Jakub Kocurek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The study deals with the journal Religion und Priester, which was published between 1782 and 1784 in Prague and Vienna. At first, the author tries to summarize some basic facts on the journal, correcting some errors concerning its publishing and authorship. The core of the study consists in the analysis of its criticism of priestly celibacy. Religion und Priester discussed this problem repeatedly, using various strategies of argumentation based on history, philosophy of human nature and political thought., Vít Pěček., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This study introduces an emblematic scheme within the stucco decoration of the Palace Chapel in Červené Poříčí. The given emblematic sheme glorifies the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus. It was inspired by the emblem book of the Bavarian theologian Anton Ginther, which was published in 1706. The article tries to place the programme of the decoration into the context of Middle European evolution of the devotion to the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus - a cult that was very popular at the time. Finally, the article places the decorative scheme into political and historical context and discusses the role its patron played in determining the decoration’s commission and execution., Daniela Štěrbová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Recenzent představuje publikaci chorvatské historičky Svůj svému: Česká a slovenská menšina v meziválečné Jugoslávii (1918-1941) jako velmi kvalitní monografii, která posouvá poznání tématu o notný kus oproti starším pracím. Jako správné hodnotí rozhodnutí autorky věnovat se české a slovenské menšině v Chorvatsku odděleně a brát ohled na důležité aspekty, ve kterých se vzájemně lišily. Důkladně autorka zkoumala politické aktivity obou menšin, jejich školství, vztahy k jugoslávskému a československému státu i k sousedním etnikům chorvatskému, srbskému a maďarskému, více pozornosti by si naopak zasloužil náboženský život obou menšin. and [autor recenze] Milan Sovilj.
Autoři považují antiklerikalismus za významnou součást evropských modernizačních procesů, zaměřených proti církvi a jejím institucím. Sledují jeho charakter a proměny od poloviny 19. století do konce první třetiny století dvacátého v habsburské monarchii a první Československé republice, a to s ohledem na rozdíly a specifika v různém ideovém a sociálním prostředí, ve městě a na venkově a také v českých krajanských komunitách ve Spojených státech. Jejich monografie podle recenzenta umožňuje vnímat český, protikatolicky zaměřený antiklerikalismus v evropském kontextu jako mnohovrstevnatý fenomén, který významně ovlivnil dobovou společnost a politiku. Pro komplexní uchopení tématu, inspirativní otázky, široký rozsah pramenů i literatury a kompaktnost výkladu ji rozhodně doporučuje zájemcům o dějiny českého myšlení i politiky v 19. a 20. století., The authors view anti-clericalism as an important part of European modernization processes aimed at the church and its institutions, They monitor its character and transformations since the mid-1880s until the end ot the first third of the 20th century in the Hapsburg Empire and the first Czechoslovak Republic, taking into account differences and specific features in various social and ideological environments, in towns and in the country, and also in Czech compatriot communities in the United States. According to the reviewer, their monograph Czech Anti-Clericalism: Sources, Topics and Forms of Czech Anti-Clericalism from 1848 to 1938 permits perceiving the Czech anti-Catholic anti-clericalism in the European context as a multi-layered phenomenon which had a significant impact on the society and politics of that period. Because of its comprehensive grasp of the topic, inspiring questions it asks, its broad selection of sources and publications it draws from, as well the compact explanations it provides, the book is definitely recommended to all who are interested in the history of the Czech thinking and politics in the 19th and 20th centuries., [autor recenze] Marek Šmíd., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy