Cieľom state je navrhnúť systematickú a vyčerpávajúcu klasifikáciu definícií. Táto klasifikácia vychádza z typológie, ktorú vypracoval Richard Robinson vo svojej knihe o definíciách, no v rôznych aspektoch ju ďalej dopracováva. Nová klasifikácia je založená na dvoch kritériách, a to kritériu predmetnosti a kritériu ilokučnej sily. Podľa kritéria predmetnosti možno definovať výrazy, pojmy, resp. objekty (v širokom zmysle); podľa kritéria ilokučnej sily možno zase rozlíšiť definície, ktoré opisujú existujúci systém, a definície, ktoré transformujú daný systém na nový systém. Napokon sa podľa týchto dvoch kritérií vyhodnocujú niektoré známe druhy definícií., The aim of the paper is proposing a classification of definitions that would be both systematic and exhaustive. The classification is built on the one developed by Richard Robinson in his book on definitions; Robinson’s classification is, however, further elaborated here in certain respects. The new classification is based on two criteria, namely the criterion of aboutness and the criterion of illocutionary force. According to the former, one may define either expressions or concepts or objects (broadly conceived); according to the latter, one may distinguish the definitions describing an existing system and the definitions transforming a system into a new one. Finally, certain well-known kinds of definitions are assessed with respect to the two criteria., and Marián Zouhar.
The aim of the present article is to shed light on the background of the analytical frame that nas been developped by the author himself and his colleague L. Thévenot in De la justification. Les économies de la grandeur. It has been conceived as an instrument to be applied in the analysis of the critical operations (critism and justification in situations of confiict) carried out by the actors in their everyday life. Yet the position of the sociologist and therefore of his work is challenged at the same time. The critical actor and the "classical" sociologist that pretend to have access to a more genuine reality than ordinary people have and that thus assume a critical position, appear to be much closer to each other than it is usually believed. In order to make the analysis of the ciritcal operations possiible, this position of the "classical" sociologist must be abandoned. This is how our critical societies, in which actors are endowed with critical ressources and use them quasi-permanently, can be grasped as an object of sociological analysis. The author thn examines the conditions of possibility of such a sociology of criticism and the socilogist´s new position he is conducted hereafter to occupy., Luc Boltanski., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Článek přibližuje významnou osobnost světové vědy Marii Curie-Skłodowskou, dvojnásobnou nositelku Nobelovy ceny, objevitelku prvků polonium a radium, první ženu profesorku na pařížské Sorbonně a nepřehlédnutelnou postavu v historii vědy a techniky 20. století., The paper portrays famous physicist and chemist Maria Curie-Skłodowska - a distinguished personality of the world science, double Nobel Prize winner, discoverer of polonium and radium, the first female professor at the Sorbonne, personage who cannot be overlooked in the history of the science and technology in the 20th century., Ivana Lorencová., and Obsahuje bibliografii