Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) was found to be significantly increased in skeletal muscles and retroperitoneal fat of obese insulin-resistant Koletsky rats as compared to control Wistar rats. This increase was accompanied by a depression of insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. Neither the insulin-binding capacity nor insulin receptor affinity were related to this TNFa increase in these tissues. In the liver, no significant changes of TNFa content and only a lowering of insulin-binding capacity were found. It is concluded that an increased TNFa content in muscles and fat (but not in the liver) contributes to insulin resistance by lowering insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, while other insulin receptor characteristics (insulin-binding capacity and affinity of insulin receptors to the hormone) do not seem to be influenced by this factor., A. Hřebíček, M. Rypka, Z. Chmela, J. Veselý, M. Kantorová, V. Golda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In May and June 2013 Turkey witnessed one of the longest and biggest social unrests in its modern history. Protesters all around the country rebelled against the government's authoritarian tendencies and police violence, exemplified by the hars treatment of activists resisting the reshaping of Istanbul's favorite Taksim Square and the adjacent Gezi Park. This essay address the origins, development and outcomes of the Turkish "Occupy Gezi" movement. It seeks the roots of the movement on three interdependent levels centered around the uses and misuses of public space and the instrumentalization of civil society in the hegemonical political discourse. Accordingly, the demonstrations are analyzed as (1) a critique of neoliberal developmentarism in Turkey, reflected in the marketization/commodification of public space and the destruction of the envoronment; (2) as a critique of the majoritarian, non-inclusive concept of democracy that accompanies neoliberal economic policies in Turkey and has manifested itself in the attempt to appropriate public space and to gain effective control over "disloyal" elements of society; and (3) finally as a critique of state paternalism, its most palpable effect being the imposition of conservative values, the distaste for alternative life-styles and the construction of a homogeneous mass of "Turkish citizens" adhering to similar values. We argue that the alleged Islamism of the ruling AKP played only an accessory role in the outbreak and development of the protests. What was an ecological protest and outcry at non-participative urban transformation in the beginning turned into a widespread popular happening whose participants tried to create an alternative to the bureaucratic machinery of the neoliberal state and the increasingly authoritarian behavior of its representatives who are unresponsive and unsensitive to the frustrations of oppositional voices, non-religious classes and different life-styles., Petr Kučera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Comparisons of the recent protests in Turkey to the Arab Spring are met with negative responses among representatives of the Turkish governmnet as well as those criticizing the govemment. The attitudes of political opponents emphasizing the difference between Turkey and the other Middle Eastern countries show the impact of Orientalism on Turkish identity as well as perceptions of Turkey's role as a model for (not only) Middle Eastern Muslim countries., Jitka Malečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential differences in blood pressure (BP) profile in subjects with different forms of primary aldosteronism (PA). Simultaneously, we studied the effects of PA treatment on BP curve. We therefore monitored 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure values in 22 subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 22 subjects with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and 33 subjects with essential hypertension (EH) as controls. We found a significantly attenuated nighttime systolic BP decline in the APA group (P=0.02). Patients with IHA had lower nighttime systolic BP values (P=0.01) and also a diastolic BP decline (P=0.02) during the night in comparison with EH. We did not detect any significant differences in BP profile characteristics between APA and IHA. Specific treatment of primary aldosteronism (adrenalectomy, treatment with spironolactone) led to the normalization of the BP curve with a marked BP decline. Our study thus demonstrates a blunted diurnal BP variability in patients with primary aldosteronism the specific treatment of which normalized previously attenuated nocturnal BP fall., T. Zelinka, J. Widimský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This conference took place 3-7 March 2008 and was held in the Emauzy Abbey. ALICE is the acronym for A Large Ion Collider Experiment, one of the largest experiments in the world devoted to research in the physics of matter on an infinitely small scale. Hosted at CERN, this project involves the international collaboratin of more than 1000 physicists, engineers and technicians from 300 countries. Together they are contributing to the resolution of one of the latest challenges in fundamental physics recounting the birth of matter. and Michal Šumbera, Vojtěch Petráček, Petr Závada.
The Week of Science and Technology of the CAS is the most extensive science festival in the Czech Republic. This year, it was held for the 15th time already and took place between November 1-15, 2015 in Prague, Brno, Ostrava and other places over the intire Czech Republic. In total, it included 250 lectures, 60 exhibitions, science cafés, workshops, seminars, projections of scientific films and 75 open-house days. The open-house days at the institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences are intended for all visitors interested in finding out more on the latest trends in the realm of science, in the work of scientists, the research projects of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the latest scientific instruments. and Jana Olivová, Luděk Svoboda.
The article deals with the typology of Baroque frontispieces in printed books published in Bohemian and Moravian printing houses in 1618-1765, which is viewed in terms of the function of the frontispieces in printing. The paper contains a detailed analysis of the main thematic variants of frontispieces. The thematic variants are analysed with respect to the content and genre of the work concerned with the aim to determine the main marketing strategies of Bohemian and Moravian printers, publishers or booksellers in the visual promotion of their products., Hana Beránková., Obsahuje anglický abstrakt a shrnutí., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Učená společnost České republiky ČR sdružující význačné vědce všech vědních oborů zasedala ve dnech 23. až 24. května 2016 v pražském Karolinu a sídle Akademie věd na Národní třídě. První den veřejné části jednání, jehož se zúčastnily význačné osobnosti badatelské i politické sféry, patřil tradičnímu ceremoniálu - předání medailí, cen a čestných uznání. Medaile Učené společnosti za zásluhy o rozvoj vědy převzali prof. Ivan Lefkovits a prof. František Vyskočil., Two eminent professorw were awarded the Medal of the Learned Society of the Czech Republic at the General Assembly of the Learned Society held on May 23-24, 2016. World-famous neurologist František Vyskočil and world-renowned immunologist Ivan Lefkovits were honored for their meritorious contributions to the advancement of sciences. Junior Scientist Awards were bestowed on Dr. Martin Ferus and Dr. Michal Malinský, awards were also granted to teachers and high school students., and Luděk Svoboda.
Retroviry jsou jednoduché RNA viry, které se vyznačují schopností přepsat svou RNA do dvouřetězcové DNA a tu stabilně začlenit do genetické informace hostitelské buňky. Tato jejich vlastnost stojí za latencí viru HIV, která v současnosti představuje hlavní překážku v úspěšné léčbě HIV pozitivních pacientů. Na druhou stranu lze této jejich vlastnosti využít pro přenos genetické informace za účelem léčby četných chorob s využitím přístupů genové terapie. Pro tyto účely je však potřeba retroviry vybavit sekvencemi, které zajistí jejich stabilní aktivitu a ochrání je před umlčením., Retroviruses are simple RNA viruses, which exhibit an ability to convert their RNA to double-stranded DNA and introduce it into the host cell genome. This ability stands behind the HIV latency phenomenon - a major obstacle to successful therapy. On the other hand, this capability can be utilized for the transfer of genetic information in order to cure various diseases using gene therapy approaches. To achieve successful therapy, the retroviruses need to be equipped with sequences protecting them from silencing, thus stabilizing their activity., and Filip Šenigl.