The paper’s primary objective is to discuss the arrangements of grave pits at the Early Medieval agglomeration Mikulčice-Valy. They include steps, wooden structures, stone structures and special arrangements. The established facts about the form, frequency, etc., are then compared with the situation at other central fortified settlements in Great Moravia (Pohansko near Břeclav and Staré Město – Uherské Hradiště). The second objective of the book is to critically evaluate the phenomenon of so-called “tombs” at the burial site near the 3rd church on the acropolis of the Mikulčice fortified settlement. Since the introduction of this term in archaeological literature by J. Poulík in 1967, these find units have never been comprehensively presented and their interpretation as tombs with stone structures has not been adequately documented or backed by arguments. The paper is based on the original documentation of the research in 1956–1957; these find units are reinterpreted using analysis and comparison of the burial rite attributes of the graves. Based on the analysis of the find situation, the authors do not consider the term “tomb” as relevant at the Mikulčice agglomeration.
This study deals with the changes in position of the office of moravian land captain during the reign of last members of house Luxemburg in Moravia, since the ascension of king Venceslaus IV. in the year 1411, over the reign of Sigismund of Hungary, to the granting of Moravian margravate to Albrecht V. of Habsburg in october 1423. The author corrects some deficiencies of existing literature and specifies the chronology of holders of this office. Based on the analysisi of sources are also reconstructed purviews and areas, in which the land captain could intervene and their changes in time of hussite wars and reign of different margraves. This work also captures the way of appointment and deposition of land captains by the ruler and different strategies and attempts to alternate arrangement of administration of Moravian margravate by Sigismund of Hungary, when he tried to sideline this office, which became more and more dependent on the forming high nobility estate.
During the medieval and early modern eras, most of the European urban authorities intended to rule their cities for the «common good», together with respecting the social hierarchy and privileged status. In the 18th century, however, many voices raised for improving the urban policing and reforming old regulations. Most of police officers claimed for equality of every inhabitant with regards to local police ordinances and petty police courts. But even if the urban rules agreed with their arguments for a more efficient policing, they could not prescribe an equality that would overthrow the Ancien Régime’s social order. Brussels in the 18th century is a good example of this contradiction. It was there impossible to reform the policing for the foreigners nor to create a professional night-watch, because of the strong reluctance of the city aldermen to abandon social privileges which were seen as fundamental freedoms of the country., Catherine Denys ; translated by Laura Bennett., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article deals with the problem of determination of basic parameters of unknown lenses, namely their radii of curvature, thicknesses and refractive indices of materials (e.g. optical glasses) from which these lenses are made. Four methods are proposed to obtain these parameters and mathematical relationships are derived that allow to determine the refractive index and Abbe number of lens material based on the measured radius values, the thickness and the position of the focal point or the focal length. and V článku je řešena problematika určení základních parametrů neznámých čoček, a to jejich poloměrů křivosti, tlouštěk a indexů lomu materiálů (např. optických skel), z kterých jsou tyto čočky zhotoveny. Jsou navrženy čtyři metody získání těchto parametrů a jsou odvozeny matematické vztahy, které umožňují určit index lomu a Abbeovo číslo materiálu čoček, a to na základě naměřených hodnot poloměrů křivosti, tloušťky a polohy obrazového ohniska nebo velikosti ohniskové vzdálenosti.
V práci je řešen jeden z možných způsobů určení materiálových konstant tenké desky, a to pro případ kruhové desky na okraji upnuté. Byly odvozeny vztahy, které umožňují bezdotykovým způsobem určit Poissonovo číslo a modul pružnosti v tahu materiálu desky. V případě, že je materiál desky průhledný (např. kapalinové čočky), jsou uvedeny vztahy pro výpočet indexu lomu a Abbeova čísla tohoto materiálu.
A detailed theoretical analysis of the diffraction theory of imaging of a point object by the optical system is performed. Explicit relationships are established to determine the position of the point micro-particle in the object space of the optical system. and V práci je podrobně teoreticky analyzována difrakční teorie zobrazení bodového předmětu optickou soustavou. Jsou odvozeny explicitní vztahy, které umožňují určit polohu bodové mikročástice v předmětovém prostoru optické soustavy.
Our comparison of samples from the Záblacký Bible with the first, second and third editions of the Old Czech Bible translation confirms Kyas's classification of the Záblacký Bible as a compilation translation, containing parts with texts from different editions of the Old Czech Bible. Some of its books belong to the first edition of the Old Czech Bible translation, some to the second, or the first and the second edition against the third edition, and some indicate conformity to third edition bibles. Some parts show conformity with the second and simultaneously the third editions against the first edition. In some places the Záblacký Bible even has its own reading, which we have not found in any other bible that we have worked with.