Reperfusion therapies for ischaemic stroke can induce secondary injury accompanied by neuronal death. The Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), an oncoprotein, is critical for regulating tumour cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, we wanted to know whether YBX1 could regulate neuronal cell apoptosis caused by cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). We established a model of cerebral I/R-induced injury in vitro by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment and determined YBX1 expression using Western blot. Next, the effect of YBX1 on the apoptosis and viability of OGD/R-treated PC12 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, MTT assay, and Western blot. Besides, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to evaluate oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R. The regulatory roles of YBX1 in the AKT/GSK3β pathway were examined by Western blot. As a result, OGD/R treatment down-regulated YBX1 expression in PC12 cells. YBX1 over-expression attenuated the growth inhibition and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R. Besides, the increase of LDH release and the decrease of SOD and CAT activities caused by OGD/R were reversed by YBX1 over-expression. Moreover, YBX1 over-expression could activate the AKT/GSK3β pathway in OGD/ R-treated PC12 cells. Therefore, YBX1 could protect against OGD/R-induced injury in PC12 cells through activating the AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway, and thus YBX1 has the potential to become a therapeutic target for cerebral I/R-induced injury.
Let H be a finite-dimensional bialgebra. In this paper, we prove that the category LR(H) of Yetter-Drinfeld-Long bimodules, introduced by F.Panaite, F.Van Oystaeyen (2008), is isomorphic to the Yetter-Drinfeld category H⊗H H⊗H YD over the tensor product bialgebra H H∗ as monoidal categories. Moreover if H is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra with bijective antipode, the isomorphism is braided. Finally, as an application of this category isomorphism, we give two results., Daowei Lu, Shuanhong Wang., and Seznam literatury
The study focuses on privacy in online social networks. It presents an empirical analysis of youtubers, a group that has not yet been studied in the Czech social sciences. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis and in-depth interviews, we show that there is a typical ‘career’ trajectory that youtubers proceed along, whose structure is determined by experiences of breach of privacy and by mechanisms of reparation. These mechanisms and practices must be employed in order to resolve a fundamental tension between the demand for self-disclosure, arising out of confessional culture and the ideology of authenticity, and the parallel demand for retaining privacy. Breach of privacy is conceptualised as a violation of the equilibrium of its three constitutive elements: content, border, and context. Such situations are experienced as threats to the identity of the youtubers, who seek to avoid these threats by means of reparation practices, changes in how they perform privacy, and the use of what we call tools of controlled (in)accessibility. Unlike normative critiques that lament the loss of privacy on social networks, this article concludes that youtubers are highly competent guardians of their own performed privacy.