The author analyses professional geographical narratives centered upon the borders in East Central and Southeast Europe in the context of the First World War. It is argued that they represent a regional equivalent of nationalistic mobilization of intellectuals’ characteristic for Western Europe and broadly referred to as ‘spiritual war’ (Krieg der Geister). Typically, they tended to employ the newest methodological trends (notably anthropogeography) together with inspirations from the tradition of national characterology (or ethnopsychology). They also participated in
the international discussions on the question of ‘natural’ borders.
The main fronts of ‘the war of maps’ spread mostly around territorial claims in the region: the German expansion to the East, the conflict between Bulgaria and Serbia in Macedonia, the
Polish-Ukrainian border conflict, hostilities between Italy and Serbia etc. The expertise of the East Central and Southeast European geographers was, then, instrumental for the reshaping of the region following the decisions of the Peace Conference. Finally, professional techniques and modes of argumentation used by the
region’s geographers inspired interwar revisionist campaigns in Hungary and Germany. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
This article discusses the Enlightenment concept of theatre as formulated in the work of the Viennese playwright Paul Weidmann, who was active in the reign of Joseph II (1765-90). In Weidmann’s conception, theatre has two main functions: one is to provide a theoretical basis (the idea of a national theatre; theatre as a school of moral educational); the second is to delineate a socio-historical context. The themes explored by Weidmann are civil war and wars of religion, and the question of how to level social differences - problems that still very much beset the modern world. In the face of current religious, political and economic conflicts, Weidmann’s stage plays still carry a powerful message., Joanna Giel., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Sinonasal carcinomas are head and neck tumours arising from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses characterized by unfavourable outcome, difficult treatment, diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs are key molecules in the regulation of development and progression of cancer and their expression profiles could be used as prognostic biomarkers, to predict the patients’ survival and response to treatment. In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR with TaqMan® Advanced miRNA Assays to investigate the relative expression values of selected micro-RNAs in a unique set of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from 46 patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Our results showed statistically significant up-regulation of three mature microRNAs: miR-9-5p (fold change: 6.80), miR-9-3p (fold change: 3.07) and let-7d (fold change: 3.93) in sinonasal carcinoma patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and logrank test identified association between higher expression of miR-9-5p and longer survival of the patients (P = 0.0264). Lower expression of let-7d was detected in the patients with impaired survival, and higher expression of miR-137 was linked to shorter survival of the patients., We alsoidentified several correlations between expression of the studied microRNAs and recorded clinico-pathological data. Higher expression of miR-137 and lower expression of let-7d correlated with local recurrence (P = 0.045 and P = 0.025); lower expression of miR-9-5p and higher expression of miR-155-5p correlated with regional recurrence (P = 0.045 and P = 0.036). Higher expression of miR-9-3p correlated with occupational risk (P = 0.031), presence of vascular invasion (P = 0.013) and perineural invasion (P = 0.031). Higher expression of miR-155-5p was present in the samples originating from maxillary sinus (P = 0.011), cN1-3 classified tumours (P = 0.009) and G2-3 classified tumours (P = 0.017). In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis of future prospect to use expression of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers of squamous cell sinonasal carcinoma. In particular, miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p seem to be important members of the sinonasal cancer pathogenesis., and Corresponding author: Helena Kovaříková