In this paper, we extend the fuzzy type tlieory (FTT) by the description operator whose interpretation is a function which assigns a fuzzy set from Ma and element from Ma and is thus similar to the defuzzification operation introduced in the fuzzy set theory. The full fuzzy type theory is obtained when extending the FTT by the description operator together with a proper axiom. Some basic properties of the description operator have been proved as well as the cornpleteness of the full FTT.
Two new species of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea) from potamotrygonid stingrays in the Neotropical region are herein described, which raises the total number of Rhinebothrium species known from Neotropical freshwaters to five. Rhinebothrium corbatai sp. n., and Rhinebothrium mistyae sp. n. were both collected from Potamotrygon motoro (Müller et Henle), captured in four tributaries of the Paraná River in Santa Fé Province, Argentina. The new species can be distinguished from their congeners, and from each other, by a combination of various features, including worm size (length and number of proglottids), number of loculi per bothridium, microthrix pattern, size of the cirrus sac, and the extent of the vas deferens. The discovery of these new species from P. motoro supports the pattern of high host specificity in this cestode genus, and reinforces the notion that some of the previous records of the enigmatic R. paratrygoni may correspond to new species of Rhinebothrium yet to be described.
Impaired wakefulness of machine operators presents a danger not only for themselves, but often for the public at large as well. While on duty, such persons are expected to be continuously, i.e. without interruption, on the alert. For that purpose, we designed and carried out an experimental model of continuous vigilance monitoring using electroencephalography (EEG) and reaction time measured as the latency of the volunteers’ reaction to a sound stimulus. In this article, we focus on two different approaches of EEG signal analysis. Spectral analysis, which is based on linear stochastic approach, is the hrst type. On the other hand, there is nonlinear analysis formally called the chaos theory. For both methods, we will show typical markers which represent the state of the vigilance. Both methods will be compared and the outputs will be discussed.
We relate some subsets $G$ of the product $X\times Y$ of nonseparable Luzin (e.g., completely metrizable) spaces to subsets $H$ of $\mathbb{N}^{\mathbb{N}}\times Y$ in a way which allows to deduce descriptive properties of $G$ from corresponding theorems on $H$. As consequences we prove a nonseparable version of Kondô’s uniformization theorem and results on sets of points $y$ in $Y$ with particular properties of fibres $f^{-1}(y)$ of a mapping $f\: X\rightarrow Y$. Using these, we get descriptions of bimeasurable mappings between nonseparable Luzin spaces in terms of fibres.
Hyperspectral imaging as a tool for obtaining information about the world around us is rapidly developing field of modern technology. The desired information in such systems is obtained by processing ofstored spectral information of a measured scene. The main advantage of the hyperspectral systems is the use of a wide spectral range encompassing both the visible and adjacent spectral regions(primarily infrared). The main element in these systemsis a spectrally selective element which provides separation of the individual spectral components. This element can be based on number of physical principles, in this paper we will discuss the design and fabrication of a spectral element based on a diffraction grating. The main requirements for this system were: spectral division function for LWIR (7 mm - 14 mm), the highest possible efficiency in this spectral region with respect to the spectral emission of a black body with temperature 350 K, and avoidance of the restrictions given by the production. Design of the grating was done with the use of a scalar theory and the results were compared with RCWAand finite element method. Fabrication of the grating was carried out using single-point diamond turning. The grating was made of germanium. and Hyperspektrální zobrazování, jakožto nástroj pro získávání informací o světě kolem nás, je rychle se rozvíjející oblast moderní techniky. Požadovaná informace se v takových systémech získává zpracováním uložené spektrální informace z měřené scény. Jednou z výhod hyperspektrálního systému je užití širokého spektrální rozsahu obepínajícího jak viditelné, tak i přilehlé spektrální oblasti světla (především infračervenou). Hlavní prvek v těchto systémech je spektrálně selektivní člen zajišťující separaci jednotlivých spektrálních komponent. Tento člen může být založen na různých fyzikálních principech, v rámci tohoto příspěvku diskutujeme návrh a výrobu spektrálního elementu založeného na difrakční mřížce. Hlavní požadavky na tento systém jsou spektrálně selektivní funkce pro LWIR (7 mm - 14 mm), co možná nejvyšší účinnost v dané spektrální oblasti vzhledem k spektrálnímu vyzařování černého tělesa o teplotě 350 K a vyhnutí se omezení daných výrobou. Návrh mřížky vychází ze skalární teorie elektromagnetického pole a výsledek je porovnán s RCWA a metodou konečných prvků. Vlastní výroba mřížky se provedla jednobodovým diamantovým soustružením do germania.
Casing is an imporant part of Vertical Pelton Turbine unit, which acts as a housing for runner and the suppport for Generator. The design of casing requires consideration of hydraulic as well as mechanical aspects. The size and shape of the casing should be designed to give proper guidance to water flow. Casing should have enough strength to meet the mechanical/structural requirements such as to withstand the dead weight of the generator, forces developed in the manifold/branch pipes, load due to the four jets in different combinations and load due to various actuation mechanisms. After satisfying above aspects, the casing should be checked for vibration behavior by modal analysis. The design of casing for four jet vertical Pelton turbine is carried out considering all above mentioned criterion. Ansys Mechanical software is used to study the structural behavior of casing and also for weight optimization by reducing the thickness of casing and changing arrangement of ribs. and Obsahuje seznam literatury