We performed a systematic study to check whether neurons in the area TE (the anterior part of inferotemporal cortex) in rhesus monkey, regarded as the last stage of the ventral visual pathway, could be modulated by auditory stimuli. Two fixating rhesus monkeys were presented with visual, auditory or combined audiovisual stimuli while neuronal responses were recorded. We have found that the visually sensitive neurons are also modulated by audiovisual stimuli. This modulation is manifested as the change of response rate. Our results have shown also that the visual neurons were responsive to the sole auditory stimuli. Therefore, the concept of inferotemporal cortex unimodality in information processing should be re-evaluated., P. Kaposvári ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The reports of analgesic effects of benzodiazepines are inconsistent. There is evidence of a hyperalgesic effect induced by activation of supraspinal GABAA receptors and an antinociceptive effect induced by activation of receptors located in the spinal cord (dorsal horns). The aim of the study was to discover whether the systemic administration of a benzodiazepine agent alprazolam increases the systemic analgesic efficacy of non-opioid analgesic ibuprofen. Experimental studies combining these agents have not yet been published. We used three experimental methods - writhing test (with acetic acid), tail-flick test and plantar test to assess analgesic action. The drugs were administered orally. Augmentation of the analgesic effect of ibuprofen by alprazolam was proved for the writhing test at a dose of 30 mg/kg of ibuprofen and alprazolam 1 mg/kg. The reaction time of the combination was significantly prolonged in comparison with ibuprofen alone. The results of the tail-flick test and plantar test were negative. The effect of ibuprofen was not enhanced by alprazolam in tests of acute thermal pain. Our results have demonstrated that the analgesic action of ibuprofen is only weakly enhanced by alprazolam., T. Doležal, M. Kršiak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We describe augmentation of managed populations of Osmia cornuta and O. rufa in the vicinity of Belgrade (Serbia). Annual augmentation of O. cornuta populations was more than five-fold during the six years of our study. This was achieved by watering the soil near the Osmia augmentation shelters used for nest building. However, populations of O. rufa under the same treatment only doubled annually. Data are also presented on sex ratios in these managed populations, the sex ratio being an important factor in increasing population numbers and raising pollination efficacy. Sex ratio values (♂ : ♀) varied from 1.46 : 1 to 3.22 : 1 in the populations of O. cornuta and from 1.35 : 1 to 2.68 : 1 in those of O. rufa.
Let H be a finite abelian group of odd order, D be its generalized dihedral group, i.e., the semidirect product of C2 acting on H by inverting elements, where C2 is the cyclic group of order two. Let Ω (D) be the Burnside ring of D, Δ(D) be the augmentation ideal of Ω (D). Denote by Δn(D) and Qn(D) the nth power of Δ(D) and the nth consecutive quotient group Δn(D)/Δn+1(D), respectively. This paper provides an explicit Z-basis for Δn(D) and determines the isomorphism class of Qn(D) for each positive integer n., Shan Chang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Deterministic measures of stability are used for some parameters of graphs as connectivity, covering number, independence number and dominating number. For a long time, in the graph theory any vertex is considered with its neighbourhood. By means of this idea, we define the accessible set and the accessibility number of a connected graph. In this paper we search the accessibility number and other parameters of augmented cubes.
In this paper, the augmented Lagrangian method is investigated for solving recourse problems and obtaining their normal solution in solving two-stage stochastic linear programming problems. The objective function of stochastic linear programming problem is piecewise linear and non-differentiable. Therefore, to use a smooth optimization methods, the objective function is approximated by a differentiable and piecewise quadratic function. Using quadratic approximation, it is required to obtain the least 2-norm solution for many linear programming problems in each iteration. To obtain the least 2-norm solution for inner problems based on the augmented Lagrangian method, the generalized Newton method is applied.
Relying on thorough examination of relevant archival material, this paper analyzes the attitudes and behavior of the Austrian Chancellor Metternich during the second Meḥmed cAlī crisis from 1839-1841, which arose from the antagonism between Sultan Maḥmūd II and his powerful Egyptian vassal, Meḥmed cAlī. The object of this study is not simply an analysis of Austrian diplomacy. Attention is also paid to Metternich’s attitude towards the Ottoman reform movement, his “church policy” in the spring of 1841, and the false and frequently repeated accusation by then French historians that he was the instigator of Mustafa Reshīd Pasha’s fall at the end of March in 1841.
The first Mohammed Ali crisis of the early 1830s significantly influenced the situation within the Ottoman Empire as will as the relations among the European Powers. The goal of this paper is to analyze the diplomacy of the Austrian Chancellor Metternich in the Levant during this important affair and thus to reveal how Austria´s vast economic interests in this refion, and particularly in Egypt, determined the decision-making process of the cabinet in Vienna. At that time the extent of Austrian trade with Egypt exceeded that of other European countries and prevented Austria´s active involvement in the conflict. The arguments of the paper are based upon a research of the archival materials housed in Vienna, Berlin, London and Paris.