Number of results to display per page
Search Results
1412. Knihy a dějiny
- Type:
- issue, normal, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1-2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1413. Knihy a dějiny
- Type:
- issue, normal, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1-2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1414. Knihy a dějiny
- Type:
- issue, normal, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1-2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1415. Knihy a dějiny
- Type:
- issue, normal, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1-2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1416. Knihy a dějiny
- Type:
- issue, normal, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1-2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1417. Knihy a dějiny
- Type:
- issue, normal, model:periodicalitem, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech, English, and Slovak
- Description:
- 1-2
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1418. Knowing our own concepts: the role of intuitions in philosophy
- Creator:
- Hartl, Péter
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- concepts, experimental philosophy, intuition, methodology of philosophy, reliabilism, scepticism, and thought-experiments
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Empirical examinations about cross-cultural variability of intuitions, the well-known publication of Stich and his colleagues criticiz-ing thought-experiments and intuitions in philosophical debates, is still a challenge that faces analytical philosophers, as any systematic investigation of the methodology of philosophy must give answers to these basic questions: What is intuition? What role should intuitions play in philosophy? I present and examine the sceptical argument of experimental philosophers, and claim that experimental philosophers misunderstand the role of evidence in philosophy. My argument will utilize Goldman’s view, according to which intuitions give reliable (though not infallible) evidence about a person’s concepts, and this knowledge is valuable for further philosophical research as well. I will argue that the sceptical conclusions of experimental philosophers are harmless against this conception of philosophy, because even from a naturalist perspective certain kind of intuitive judgments about our concepts can be warranted, and this grants the specific epistemic status of intuitions. Of course, the reliability of introspection can be challenged. However, denying self-knowledge about my internal mental states is disputable - as I will show - both from a philosophical and a scientific point of view., Empirické zkoušky o mezikulturní variabilitě intuic, známá publikace Sticha a jeho kolegů, kteří kritizovali myšlenkové experimenty a intuice ve filosofických debatách, jsou stále výzvou, před níž stojí analytičtí filozofové, jako jakékoli systematické zkoumání metodologie filosofie musí odpovědět na tyto základní otázky: Co je to intuice? Jakou roli by měly ve filozofii hrát intuice? Předkládám a zkoumám skeptický argument experimentálních filosofů a tvrdím, že experimentální filozofové nepochopili roli důkazu ve filozofii. Můj argument využije Goldmanovy názory, podle kterých intuice dávají spolehlivé (i když neomylné) důkazy o pojetí člověka, a tyto znalosti jsou cenné i pro další filosofický výzkum. Tvrdím, že skeptické závěry experimentálních filosofů jsou proti tomuto pojetí filosofie neškodné, protože i z naturalistického hlediska může být odůvodněn určitý druh intuitivních úsudků o našich pojmech, což poskytuje specifický epistemický stav intuic. Samozřejmě, že spolehlivost introspekce může být zpochybněna. Nicméně popírání sebepoznání mých vnitřních duševních stavů je sporné - jak ukážu já - jak z filozofického, tak vědeckého hlediska., and Péter Hartl
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1419. Knowledge after the end of nature: a critical approach to Allen’s concept of artifactuality
- Creator:
- Bektaş, Sezen
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Allen, artifactuality, knowledge, use-value, Vogel, and wildness
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Barry Allen’s criticism of the traditional definition of knowledge seems to share a radical tone with Stephan Vogel’s con-cerns about the customary representation of the causes that lie be-hind our current environmental problems. Both philosophers voice their complaints about the Cartesian picture of the world and dismiss the core idea behind the notorious duality embedded in that picture. What they propose instead is a monistic perspective positing an ar-tifactual networking. In this paper, I will try to draw attention to certain weak aspects of Allen’s refreshing description of knowledge as “superlative artifactual performance” and offer a way to improve that characterization via Vogel’s notion “wildness”. More specifically, I will propose a solution to the problems pertaining to the distinction between good and bad artifacts with respect to the epistemic criteria proposed by Allen, and claim that the temporal gap standing in be-tween the expectations of a designer and the qualities of her design may contribute to our understanding of the nature of an artifact. I maintain that each creative attempt to know a given artifact is to be appreciated by recognizing its different uses. In doing so, I will also try to show why and how certain bad artifacts get their undesir-able status because of leading up to techno-cultural stagnation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1420. Kognitívno‑komunikačné poruchy u pacientov s demenciou pri Alzheimerovej chorobe
- Creator:
- Marková, Jana, Králová, Mária, Čunderlíková, J., Hrubá, I., Malík, Martin, Šutovský, Stanislav, Turčáni, Peter, Mészáros-Hideghéty, B., and Cséfalvay, Zsolt
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Alzheimerova nemoc--diagnóza--komplikace--patofyziologie, stupeň závažnosti nemoci, demence--diagnóza--komplikace--patofyziologie, neuropsychologické testy, senzitivita a specificita, věkové faktory, jazykové testy, mozek--fyziologie, statistika jako téma, staří, staří nad 80 let, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA, Mannov-Whitneyho test, Kruskalov-Wallisov test, and Kolmogorovov-Smirnovov test
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Cieľ: Vo výskume sme analyzovali jazykové procesy na úrovni slova, vety a textu u pacientov s rôznym stupňom demencie pri Alzheimerovej chorobe (ACH) s cieľom zachytiť a opísať špecifické jazykové deficity u tejto populácie. Súbor a metóda: Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 79 pacientov s diagnostikovanou demenciou pri ACH. Na diagnostiku jazykových deficitov sme použili batériu testov, ktoré boli vytvorené pre slovenský jazyk: Test pomenovania obrázkov, vybrané subtesty z jazykovej batérie Diagnostika afázie, alexie a agrafie, Test porozumenia viet, Test produkcie viet a Test jazykových procesov na úrovni textu. Výsledky: Porovnanie výkonov pacientov s rôznym stupňom ACH s výkonom zdravých subjektov ukázalo, že všetky porovnávané skupiny sa signifikantne odlišovali v porozumení viet (Kruskal‑Wallis 50,609; p < 0,001), v produkcii viet (K‑W 54,779; p < 0,001) a na úrovni textu (K‑W 64,313; p < 0,001). Na úrovni slov (pomenovanie objektov) sa výkony signifikantne líšili od výkonov normy až pri ťažkom stupni ACH (Mann‑Whitney 22; p < 0,001), pri porozumení izolovaných slov sa nezistili signifikantné rozdiely medzi výkonmi normy a pacientmi s ACH (K‑W 4,506; p = 0,212). Závery: Na včasné zachytenie jazykových deficitov u pacientov s demenciou pri ACH použitie testov na úrovni slov nemôže odhaliť už prítomné poruchy na vyšších úrovniach (veta, text). Výsledky poukazujú na to, že už aj pacienti s ľahkým stupňom demencie sú signifikantne horší než zdraví respondenti v úlohách zameraných na spracovávanie jazykovej informácie na vyššej úrovni (gramatické procesy a procesy spojené s budovaním častí do väčšieho celku)., Purpose: Our goal was to analyze language processes at a single-word, sentence and text levels in a group of patients with dementia due to Alzheimer´s disease (AD), and to describe the specific language impairments in this population. Sample and methods: Seventy-nine patients with AD participated in our study. To evaluate language processes, we used originally developed tests for Slovak language: Picture naming test, selected subtests from the Diagnostics of aphasia, alexia and agraphia language battery, Tests of sentence production, sentence comprehension and language processes at text level. Results: Comparison of all patients with different stages of AD with a control group showed significant difference between groups in sentence comprehension (Kruskal-Wallis 50.609; p < 0.001), sentence production (K-W 54.779; p < 0.001) and at text level (K-W 64.313; p < 0.001). The only significant difference found at a single-word level, was that between the control group and patients with severe AD in naming (lexical retrieval of nouns) (Mann-Whitney 22; p < 0.001), and there was a non-significant difference between patients groups and the control group at a single-word comprehension task (K-W 4.506; p = 0.212). Conclusions: A single-word comprehension task and the picture naming test are inadequate for early detection of existing higherlevel (sentence, text) language processing impairment in patients with AD-related dementia. Our results show that patients with mild AD perform poorer than matched healthy controls on language tasks at the sentence and text level. Sentences and text require activation of grammatical processes and processes linked to macrostructure and inference building. Key words: Alzheimer disease – language disorders – cognitive disorders The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and J. Marková, M. Králová, J. Čunderlíková, I. Hrubá, M. Malík, S. Šutovský, P. Turčáni, B. Mészáros-Hideghéty, Z. Cséfalvay
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public