The paper sketches an analysis of the notion of a self-fulfilling belief in terms of doxastic modal logic. We point out a connection between self-fulfilling beliefs and Moore’s paradox. Then we look at self-fulfilling beliefs in the context of neighborhood semantics. We argue that the analysis of several interesting self-fulfilling beliefs has to make essential use of propositional quantification., Příspěvek načrtává analýzu pojmu sebe-naplňující víry v podmínkách doxastické modální logiky. Poukazujeme na souvislost mezi seberealizujícími se víry a Moorovým paradoxem. Pak se podíváme na sebe-naplňující přesvědčení v kontextu sémantiky sousedství. Tvrdíme, že analýza několika zajímavých sebe-naplňujících přesvědčení musí nezbytně využít výrokové kvantifikace., and Igor Sedlár
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie realizovanej v rámci projektu podporeného APVV (Agentúra na podporu výskumu a vývoja) bola obsahová validácia ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Narušená pamäť a identifikácia definujúcich charakteristík v podmienkach českej a slovenskej praxe. Metodika: Na validáciu sme vybrali Diagnostic Content Validity Model (model DCV) podľa Fehringa. Za expertov sme považovali sestry, ktoré získali minimálne 4 body podľa modifikovaných Fehringových kritérií. Experti posudzovali významnosť definujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy v pripravenom validačnom hárku. Obsahoval 10 definujúcich charakteristík ošetrovateľskej diagnózy, 4 položky z nástroja MMSE (Folsteinov test, Mini-Mental State Examination) a 2 neutrálne položky. Súbor expertov tvorilo 94 českých a 154 slovenských sestier. Výsledky: Za hlavné definujúce charakteristiky (vážené skóre, VS viac ako 0,75) považovali experti tie, ktoré súvisia s jednotlivými fázami pamäti (recepcia, retencia, reprodukcia). V českom a slovenskom súbore expertov boli výsledky rovnaké a sú porovnateľné so zisteniami iných autorov. Záver: Experti nepovažovali všetky definujúce charakteristiky za rovnako významné, podobne ako v iných štúdiách v rámci projektu APVV. Určitý podiel zohralo zloženie samotného súboru expertov, ktorý naplnil iba spodnú hranicu kritérií na experta (6 bodov) a absencia štandardizovanej ošetrovateľskej terminológie v Českej a Slovenskej republike., Aim: The aim of this study (supported by project Slovak Research and Development Agency, SRDA) was to examine the content validity of nursing diagnosis Impaired Memory and to identify the defining characteristics in Czech and Slovak clinical practice. Methodology: Fehring’s Diagnostic Content Validity Model was used. Experts were nurses who achieve minimally the total number of 4 points according to modified Fehring’s criteria. Experts measured importance of diagnostic characteristics of Impaired Memory in validation form. It contained 10 defining characteristics of nursing diagnosis, 2 neutral characteristics and 4 items from MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) tool. Respondents were 94 Czech and 154 Slovak nurses. Results: Experts identically considered as main defining characteristics (weighted score more than 0,75), which consistent with memory phases (encoding, storage, retrieval). In Czech and Slovak data of respondents were results almost identical and are comparable with results another authors. Conclusion: Experts didn’t consider all defining characteristics as uniformly important, similarly as another SRDA studies. Particular influence had composite of respondents which had only minimal level of criteria for expert (6 points) and absence of standardize nursing terminology in Czech and Slovak Republic., Martina Tomagová, Ivana Bóriková, and Literatura
Cieľ: Obsahová validácia ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Chronická zmätenosť a identifi kácia defi nujúcich charakteristík v podmienkach slovenskej a českej ošetrovateľskej praxe. Metódy: Na validáciu bol použitý retrospektívny Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV Model) podľa Fehringa. Za expertov boli považované sestry, ktoré získali minimálne 4 body podľa modifi kovaných Fehringových kritérií. Súbor expertov tvorilo 144 slovenských a 107 českých sestier. Výsledky: Za hlavné defi nujúce charakteristiky (vážené skóre VS viac ako 0,75) považovali zhodne slovenskí aj českí experti: narušená interpretácia podnetov a reakcia na ne, progresívna kognitívna porucha, klinicky podložená organická porucha mozgu, zmeny v časopriestorovej orientácii a dlhotrvajúca kognitívna porucha, ktoré sú totožné s charakteristikou syndrómu demencie. Závery: Experti nepovažovali všetky defi nujúce charakteristiky za rovnako významné. Určitý podiel zohralo zloženie samotného súboru expertov, ktorý naplnil iba spodnú hranicu kritérií na experta (6 bodov), nekompatibilita NANDA-I Taxonómie II so Zoznamom sesterských diagnóz platným v SR a absencia štandardizovanej ošetrovateľskej terminológie v Českej republike., Aim: Content validation of the nursing diagnosis Chronic confusion and identification of the defining characteristics in Slovak and Czech nursing practices. Method: Fehring’s retrospective Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV Model) was used. Experts were nurses who obtained minimum four points according to modified Fehring’s criteria. The group of respondents comprised of 144 Slovak and 107 Czech nurses. Results: Slovak and Czech experts alike considered the following characteristics to be defining (weighted score higher than 0.75): altered interpretation and altered response to stimuli, progressive cognitive impairment, clinical evidence of organic impairment, changes in spatiotemporal orientation and long-standing cognitive impairment, which are congruent with the characteristic features of dementia syndrome. Conclusion: Experts did not regard all the defining characteristics to be of the same importance. This was due to the composite of respondents, who only reached bottom level of criteria for an expert (6 points), incompatibility of NANDA-I Taxonomy II with the List of nursing diagnosis used in the Slovak Republic and lastly the absence of standardised nursing terminology in the Czech Republic., Martina Tomagová, Ivana Bóriková, and Literatura 28
The paper presents validation of a mathematical model describing the friction factor by comparing the predicted and measured results in a broad range of solid concentrations and mean particle diameters. Three different types of solids, surrounded by water as a carrier liquid, namely Canasphere, PVC, and Sand were used with solids density from 1045 to 2650 kg/m3, and in the range of solid concentrations by volume from 0.10 to 0.45. All solid particles were narrowly sized with mean particle diameters between 1.5 and 3.4 mm. It is presented that the model predicts the friction factor fairly well. The paper demonstrates that solid particle diameter plays a crucial role for the friction factor in a vertical slurry flow with coarse solid particles. The mathematical model is discussed in reference to damping of turbulence in such flows. As the friction factor is below the friction for water it is concluded that it is possible that the effect of damping of turbulence is included in the KB function, which depends on the Reynolds number.
The paper describes results of validation of authors' recently proposed formulae for sediment transport and bed friction in the upper plane bed regime using laboratory experiments in a pressurized pipe. Flows of mixture of water and fine to medium ballotini (d50 = 0.18 mm) were observed in a rectangular pipe (51 x 51 mm) with a deposit at the bottom of the pipe. A comparison of test results with transport-formula predictions shows a satisfactory match confirming a good prediction ability of the proposed transport formula at high bed shear. A prediction ability of the friction formulae appears to be less convincing but still reasonable. A joint use of the formulae for transport and friction predicts the delivered concentration of transported sediment within the accuracy range of ± 40 per cent for flows in which transported sediments strongly affect the bed friction, i.e. for flows with delivered concentration of sediment higher than say 3 per cent.
In this paper, I investigate the scalar semantics of evaluative adjective in general, and of good in particular. Lassiter (2017) has argued that good, when taking propositions as arguments, has an interval scale. I argue that there’s evidence in support of the view that good, when taking individuals as argument, has a scale that is stronger than interval, but weaker than ratio. In particular, I propose that individual-level good has a “round” ratio scale, which allows a broader set of ratio transformations than standard ratio scales. This conclusion is consistent with the fact that good admits round ratio modifiers (twice as good), but eschews precise ones (# 1.38x as good). An important consequence of this view is that the scales of individual and propositional-level good are severed.
The processing of ombrographic data from 29 meteorological stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), according to the terms of the Universal Soil Loss Equation for calculating long term loss of soil through water erosion, erosion hazard rains and their occurrence have been selected, with their relative amount and erosiveness - R-Factors determined for each month and years. By comparing the value of the time division of the R-Factor in the area of the Czech Republic and in selected areas of the USA it has been demonstrated that this division may be applied in the conditions of the Czech Republic. For the Czech Republic it is recommended to use the average value R = 40 based on the original evaluation.
The objective of this study is to analyse the spatial variability of seasonal flood occurrences in the Upper Danube region for the period 1961-2010. The analysis focuses on the understanding of the factors that control the spatial variability of winter and summer floods in 88 basins with different physiographic conditions. The evaluation is based on circular statistics, which compare the changes in the mean date and in the seasonal flood concentration index within a year or predefined season. The results indicate that summer half-year and winter half-year floods are dominant in the Alps and northern Danube tributaries, respectively. A comparison of the relative magnitude of flood events indicates that summer half-year floods are on average more than 50% larger than floods in winter. The evaluation of flood occurrence showed that the values of seasonal flood concentration index (median 0.75) in comparison to the annual floods (median 0.58) shows higher temporal concentration of floods. The flood seasonality of winter events is dominant in the Alps; however, along the northern fringe (i.e. the Isar, Iller and Inn River) the timing of winter half-year floods is diverse. The seasonal concentration of summer floods tends to increase with increasing mean elevation of the basins. The occurrence of the three largest summer floods is more stable, i.e. they tend to occur around the same time for the majority of analysed basins. The results show that fixing the summer and winter seasons to specific months does not always allow a clear distinction of the main flood generation processes. Therefore, criteria to define flood typologies that are more robust are needed for regions such as the Upper Danube, with large climate and topographical variability between the lowland and high elevations, particularly for the assessment of the effect of increasing air temperature on snowmelt runoff and associated floods.