Two japonica rice cultivars with different panicle trait index (PTI), HP917 (a high-PTI cultivar) and DP128 (a low-PTI cultivar) were used to investigate the effects of the nitrogen (N) rate and plant density on the grain distribution of secondary branches on the panicle axis, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and grain yield by a split plot design. The main plots were assigned to four N rates (0, 140, 200, and 260 kg ha-1), and the subplots were assigned to two plant densities: (D20, 15 plants m-2; D10, 30 plants m-2). Results showed that the grain yield was increased by increasing N rate and plant density, reaching a peak at N200 with D10. Compared with N0 treatment, the PTIs of HP917 and DP128 increased with an increase in the N rate, respectively. The PTIs of HP917 and DP128 increased by 4% with increasing plant density from D20 to D10. The leaf capacity was significantly affected by N rate and plant density. The grain distribution characteristics of secondary branches on the panicle axis was closely related to yield. Correlation analysis showed the PTI was positively correlated with grain yield and net photosynthetic rate. These results suggested the improvement in PTI from 0.15 to 0.52 was beneficial to increase the grain yield, which might contribute to the increased grain number of secondary branches of the middle and bottom panicle.
The protective effect of therapeutic hypothermia in cardiac arrest survivors (CAS) has been previously well documented. Animal studies have indicated that attenuation of tissue oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in the mechanisms that lead to the beneficial effect of hypothermia. The extent of OS and nitric oxide (NO) production in adult CAS treated with endovascular hypothermia is, however, unknown. A total of 11 adult patients who experienced cardiac arrest out of hospital were included in the present study, and all were treated with mild hypothermia using the Thermogard XP (Alsius, USA) endovascular system. A target core temperature of 33 °C was maintained for 24 hours, with a subsequent rewarming rate of 0.15 °C per hour, followed by normothermia at 36.8 °C. Blood samples for the measurement of nitrotyrosine and nitrate/nitrite levels were drawn at admission and every 6 hours thereafter for two days. During the hypothermic period, the levels of nitrotyrosine and nitrates/nitrites were comparable with baseline values. During the rewarming period, serum levels of both parameters gradually increased and, during the normothermic period, the levels were significantly higher compared with hypothermic levels (nitrotyrosine, P<0.001; nitrates/nitrites, P<0.05). In our study, significantly lower levels of nitrotyrosine and nitrates/nitrites were demonstrated during hypothermia compared with levels during the normothermic period in adult CAS. These data suggest that attenuation of OS and NO production may be involved in the protective effect of hypothermia in adult CAS., A. Krüger ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
V tomto článku se budeme zabývat analýzou nízkofrekvenčních elektromagnetických vln (tj. o frekvencích do 10 kHz) pozorovaných ve vrchní ionosféře (tj. ve výškách okolo 700 km) družicí DEMETER. Zaměříme se přitom na studium dvou rozdílných typů jevů, kterými jsou: efekty spojené se seizmickou aktivitou a čárové záření., František Němec, Ondřej Santolík, Michel Parrot., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Low-level laser therapy belongs to a group of interactions of laser radiation with living tissues and cells. The exact underlying mechanism of action at the molecular level as well as the exact relationships between laser radiation parameters (Wavelength, intensity, and dose) and wound healing process are still not known. In this review basic principals of low-level laser therapy from laser beam origin through radiation interaction with tissues to experimental and clinical studies are discussed., Martina Poláková, Róbert Kilík, Peter Gál., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V článku je diskutovaný súčasný stav priemyselných aplikácií neizotermickej plazmy generovanej za atmosférického tlaku na plazmovú aktiváciu, resp. povrchové nano-úpravy bežných priemyslných materiálov s nízkou pridanou hodnotou, ako napr. textílií, papiera, plochého skla. Dôraz je kladený na študované priemyselné aplikácie unikátneho zdroja plazmy, vyvinutého v spolupráci Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava a Masarykovej univerzity, Brno., M. Černák, D. Kováčik, A. Zahoranová, J. Kubincová, J. Ráheľ, P. Sťahel., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V elektronových prozařovacích mikroskopech pro studium biologických objektů nebo polymerových struktur se standardně používají elektrony s energií kolem 100 keV. Pozorované tenké vzorky v nich mají velmi nízký kontrast, proto musí být konstrastovány těžkými kovy. Tento postup však může přinést množství artefaktů, neboť v tomto případě již nepozorujeme samotný vzorek, ale těžké atomy, které obklopují struktury ve vzorku a tím je zvýrazňují. Pro mnohé aplikace tato metoda dává dobré výsledky, avšak s rostoucími nároky na zkoumané objekty, například při studiu kompozitních materiálů, je vhodné pozorovat tyto objekty v co nejméně pozměněném stavu., Petr Štěpán., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission (Dingeldine et al. 1999). The high level of glutamatergic excitation allows the neonatal brain (the 2 nd postnatal week in rat) to develop quickly but it also makes it highly prone to age-specific seizures that can cause lifelong neurological and cognit ive disability (Haut et al. 2004). There are three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors (ligand-gated ion channels) named according to their prototypic agonists: N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA). During early stages of postnatal development glutamate receptors of NMDA and AMPA type undergo intensive functional changes owing to modifications in their subunit composition (Carter et al. 1988, Watanabe et al. 1992, Monyer et al. 1994, Wenzel et al. 1997, Sun et al. 1998, Lilliu et al. 2001, Kumar et al. 2002, Matsuda et al. 2002, Wee et al. 2008, Henson et al. 2010, Pachernegg et al. 2012, Paoletti et al. 2013). Participation and role of these receptors in mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy became one of the main targets of intensive investigation (De Sarro et al. 2005, Di Maio et al. 2012, Rektor 2013). LiCl/Pilocarpine (LiCl/Pilo) induced status epilepticus is a model of severe seizures resulting in development temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This review will consider developmental changes and contribution of NMDA and AMPA receptors in LiCl/Pilo model of status epilepticus in immature rats., E. Szczurowska, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy