Spintronika, na rozhraní mezi magnetismem a elektronikou, je novým, výrazně expandujícím odvětvím výzkumu [1]. Je založena na manipulaci se spinovými proudy, čímž se liší od běžné elektroniky, kde je spin elektronů ignorován. Zahrnutí spinového stupně volnosti přináší nové jevy, nové možnosti a nové funkce. Ty se již dnes využívají v pevných discích a pamětích počítačů, spintronika však slibuje nové aplikace a bude mít důležitý dopad na vědu a technologii 21. století., Albert Fert, Jean-Marie George, Henri Jaffres, Richard Mattana, Pierre Seneor ; přeložil Pavel Svoboda., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article aims to identify the development phases in the process of the regional differentiation in the Czech Republic after 1989, and examines whether this differentiation trend is currently changing. The assumption the article's hypothesis is based on is that during recent development the basic 'parameters' of the principal features of the country's regional structure have been stabilized amidst the conditions of parliamentary democracy and a market economy. Unlike the first phases of socio-economic transition, when differentiating trends prevailed, a certain degree of stabilisation can now be assumed, alongside the emergence of new trends. The development of regional differences was analysed using indicators of GDP, the unemployment rate, entrepreneurial activity, and tax revenue from self-employed physical persons. The findings show that over the course of the 1990s regional differences intensified at both the mezo-regional (regional) level and the micro-regional level. It was also confirmed that at the turn of the millennium the phase of divergent regional development ended, and since that time regional differences have hovered around the same level.
The originally tropical and subtropical species Clogmia albipunctata (Diptera: Psychodidae) has been newly recorded in Central Europe - 9 sites in Brno, one in Prague and several sites in Slovakia. This immigrant species has colonized mainly anthropogenic habitats with suitable temperature conditions for its overwintering. During the warm periods of the year, it also temporally occurs in natural habitats (tree holes). It is still unclear whether the "new" species poses a real threat to the biodiversity of our native fauna. The results of laboratory breeding and field observations, which extend our knowledge of the bionomics of C. albipunctata, are presented, while relevant health risks (myiasis) and sanitary control are discussed.