This article analyzes the test-retest reliability of network size and density measures originally implemented in face-to-face surveys, but implemented in this research in a telephone survey for examining “Social Relationships among Czech Citizens.” For this purpose we can divide family and friendship networks. Network size is measured with the number of family members; respondent’s friends at work, in the neighbourhood, as well as other friends. Network density is operationalised as frequency of contact with family members and friends. The analyses show a high test-retest reliability of the network size and density measures of the family network, but very low reliability for the measures of the friendship network. More detailed analysis reveals that the low reliability of network size, density of friends at work, and contact frequency with friends, can be explained in terms of respondent characteristics. In contrast, the low level of reliability exhibited by other variables is independent of respondent characteristics., Julia Häuberer., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
V seriálu, který má za cíl čtenáře provést všemi čtyřmi fázemi zodpovídání otázek dotazníkového průzkumu, se tedy ocitáme v kroku druhém. Ačkoli, jak bylo naznačeno, problematika vybavování informací z paměti se týká také otázek postojových, na tomto místě se budeme věnovat především dotazům faktografickým. Na využívání vzpomínek za účelem vytvoření názoru/postoje lze aplikovat stejné poznatky jako na otázky po faktech nebo událostech; situace, kdy dotazovaní z paměti vyvolávají již předem připravený postoj, pak bude pojednána v souvislosti s celkovou teorií postoje v následující části seriálu, neboť se věcně váže spíše k problematice rozhodování., The article stands as a second part of a series about the question answering process during standardized surveys and elaborates the memory retrieval phase. At the beginning the main psychological conceptions of memory are introduced (structure, traits, information types), which are then used for the analysis of the function of memory during survey answering process. The second part deals with the issue of factual information retrieval: the topic of initial encoding of the information into the memory; the role of cognitive keys in case of further retrieval; and consequences of those for the possibilities of the standardized inquiry. The attention is paid also to the problem of inaccessible information and to the usage of more general parts of autobiographical memory (schemas, scenarios etc.) instead of original entries. The third part elaborates the issues of temporal information retrieval like strategies used by respondents or biases emerging in case of them (e.g. seam eff ect and telescoping)., Jiří Vinopal., and Seznam literatury
The aim of this paper is to analyze the social and class inequalities in turnout in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2010. Thus, the study focuses on a description of the evolution of the relationship between turnout and key characteristics of socio-economic status: education, income and social class. This research utilizes a pooled cross-sectional post-election survey dataset from the Czech Republic fielded over two decades; and employs standard statistical methods, i.e. contingency tables and convergence models, to analyze change in turnout among population subgroups. There are signs of a gradual crystallization of both social and class inequalities in electoral participation. Convergence models reveal a linear increase in educational and class inequalities in turnout. In the case of income, however, this study finds evidence of a crystallization of income based inequalities in participation rather than a growth in inequalities per se., Lukáš Linek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury