Rozšířené zvláštní číslo Živy, věnované bezobratlým živočichům, dedikujeme dlouholetému členu redakční rady tohoto časopisu Vojenu Ložkovi, jinak též jednomu z otců zakladatelů moderní české zoologie bezobratlých, který letos v červenci oslavil 90. narozeniny (o jeho osobnosti také např. v Živě 2005, 4: XLVII-XLVIII; 2010, 4: LV-LVI). Protože o této žijící legendě české i evropské přírodovědy bylo již v různých rozhovorech hodně napsáno, rozhodla jsem se popovídat si s ním o jeho začátcích v přírodovědě i o tom, že štěstí přeje připraveným. Pojďme se tedy zeptat, jak se z malého zvídavého kluka ze Smíchova stane velký přírodovědec. and Lucie Juřičková.
Slunéčka (Coccinellidae) se páří často a dlouho, přičemž opakované páření zvyšuje jejich plodnost. Spermie vydrží celé měsíce a samice má pak potomstvo s mnoha samci zároveň. První samec v pořadí, samec početnější barevné formy a větší samec mají výhodu většího počtu potomků., Ladybirds (Coccinellidae) mate often and for a long time. Multiple mating increases their fertility. The sperm lasts for months and females lay eggs fertilized by multiple males. The first male in order, the male of the more common colour form and the larger male have a reproductive advantage., and Oldřich Nedvěd.
Ruavermis mikebargeri gen. et sp. n. infects the yellow-headed temple turtles Heosemys annandalii (Boulenger et Robinson) in the Mekong River Basin. It resembles Platt Roberts et Bullard, 2018 and Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933 by having the anterior to posterior anatomical sequence of a ventral sucker, external seminal vesicle, cirrus sac, anterior testis, ovary, transverse vitelline duct, and posterior testis. These genera are further similar by having the combination of an elongate/ovoid aspinous body, a ventral sucker at the level of the body constriction, an oesophagus that terminates in the anterior 1/5 of the body and that is ventral to the anterior nerve commissure, intestinal caeca that bifurcate in the anterior 1/3 of the body (not immediately anterior to the ventral sucker), a sinistral caecum that bends toward the midline at level of the cirrus and common genital pore, an external seminal vesicle that abuts the anterodextral margin of the cirrus sac, an oviduct that emerges from the dextral margin of the ovary, and an oviducal seminal receptacle that comprises the middle portion of the oviduct. These genera lack lateral oesophageal diverticulae and a median oesophageal diverticulum. The new genus is unique by having a papillate ventral body surface, an external seminal vesicle lateral to the cirrus sac, vasa efferentia that are ventral to the gonads, an oviduct that is convoluted, a Laurer's canal pore that is preovarian, a Laurer's canal that extends anterolaterad, and an excretory vesicle that is Y-shaped. The 28S rDNA phylogenetic analysis recovered the new species sister to Coeuritrema platti Roberts et Bullard, 2016, with that clade sister to Hapalorhynchus spp. and Platt spp. The new turtle blood fluke is the fourth from Vietnam, second from a Vietnam geomydid, and first from Heosemys Stejneger as well as the first endohelminth from the yellow-headed temple turtle., Haley R. Dutton and Stephen A. Bullard., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Our observations of the Small Land Snail Vitrina pellucida attached to the plumage of the Common Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) provide a further evidence of passive land snail dispersal by birds over long distances. and Ivan Literák a kol.
Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) form a new group of plant growth substances that cooperatively interact to promote plant growth and productivity. Water deficit (WD) stress is a major limiting factor for photosynthesis, which in turn limits crop yield. However, the mechanism of SA and NO in stimulating photosynthesis has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the SA- and NO-mediated photosynthetic adaptability of maize seedlings to WD in terms of photosynthetic parameters, activities and mRNA levels of CO2 assimilation enzymes. Our results showed that SA alleviated the WD-induced reduction of photosynthetic performance. The activities of Rubisco and Rubisco activase enzymes increased significantly due to SA pretreatment. Moreover, higher transcription rates of Rbc L, ZmRCAα and ZmRCAβ mRNA further confirmed the effects of SA on CO2 assimilation. WD or SA-induced decreases or increases of CO2 assimilation ability were further decreased after c-PTIO addition., R. X. Shao, L. F. Xin, J. M. Guo, H. F. Zheng, J. Mao, X.P. Han, L. Jia, S. J. Jia, C. G. Du, R. Song, Q. H. Yang, R. W. Elmore., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The role of the antioxidant defense system in salt tolerance of Aeluropus littoralis has not been yet reported; therefore in the present study, the changes of catalase (CAT) activity in this halophyte plant was investigated and CAT gene was isolated. The leaves of treated and control plants were harvested at various times, starting 1 day prior to initiating treatment, then periodically at 72-h intervals for 21 days. The data collected showed that CAT activity increased significantly with time in plants treated with 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl when compared with the control plants. Maximum enzyme activity was observed between the 6th and 12th day at all NaCl concentrations. CAT gene was isolated and cloned via pTZ57R/T cloning vector in Escherichia coli. CAT gene encoded 494 amino acids and had also high homology of 90, 87, 86, and 86% with CAT genes from Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare, respectively. and M. Modarresi, G. A. Nematzadeh, F. Moradian.