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1172. Office blood pressure, heart rate and A(-597)G interleukin-6 gene polymorphism in apparently healthy Czech middle-aged population
- Creator:
- Anna Vašků, Souček, M., Monika Pávková Goldbergová, and Jiří Vácha
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, srdeční rytmus, kouření, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking, interleukin 6, gene polymorphism, healthy subjects, BMI, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the study was to assess the association between promoter polymorphism [A(-596)G] in interleukin-6 gene and office systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and the heart rate (HR) in apparently healthy Czech subjects. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible influence of gender, BMI and smoking on these supposed associations. An age-matched (40-50 years) and gender-matched (F/M=81/89) sample of apparently healthy Czech subjects (n=170, F/M=81/89) without hypertension, other cardiovascular diseases or diabetes was examined. The A(-596)G Il-6 gene polymorphism was detected by the PCR method. No differences in genotype distribution and/or allelic frequency was found between groups with lower systolic blood pressure (£ 122 mm Hg) and higher systolic blood pressure (> 122 mm Hg). Similarly, no differences in the IL-6 polymorphism were found between lower (£ 86 mm Hg) and higher (> 86 mm Hg) diastolic blood pressure groups. However, we proved a significant increase of genotypes AG+GG as well as the allele (-596)G in higher (>78 beats/min) heart rate group. The genotypes AG+GG represent significantly higher relative risk for higher HR frequency, especially in women. Among lean persons with a low heart rate frequency, fewer AG+GG genotypes were determined than among any other subjects. The genotypes AG+GG are more frequent in non-smoking persons with higher HR compared to non-smoking subjects with lower HR, especially in women. Gender, BMI and smoking substantially modify the distribution of A(-596)G Il-6 gene polymorphism in apparently healthy persons with lower or higher heart rate., A. Vašků, M. Souček, M. Goldbergová, J. Vácha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1173. Olfactory bulbectomy induced oxidative and cell damage in rat: protective effect of melatonin
- Creator:
- Tasset, I., Medina, F. J., Peña, J., Jimena, I., Del Carmen Muñoz, M., Salcedo, M., Ruiz, C., Feijóo, M., Montilla, P., and Túnez, I.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, antioxidanty, deprese, melatonin, oxidační stres, antioxidants, depression, oxidative stress, olfactory bublectomy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study we analyzed the effects of melatonin (Mel, 1 mg/kg ip) on behavioral changes as well as cell and oxidative damage prompted by bilaterally olfactory bulbectomy. Olfactory bulbectomy caused an increase in lipid peroxidation products and caspase-3, whereas it prompted a decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidative enzymes activities. Additionally, olfactory bulbectomy induced behavioral changes characterized by the enhancement of immobility time in the forced swim test and hyperactivity in the open field test. All these changes were normalized by treatment of Mel (14 days). Our data show that Mel has a beneficial neuropsychiatric action against oxidative stress, cell damage and behavior alterations., I. Tasset ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1174. Olfactory sensitivity in mammalian species
- Creator:
- Wackermannová, M., Pinc, L., and Lukáš Jebavý
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, savci, physiology, mammals, olfaction, sensitivity, odor detection threshold, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Olfaction enables most mammalian species to detect and discriminate vast numbers of chemical structures called odorants and pheromones. The perception of such chemical compounds is mediated via two major olfactory systems, the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system, as well as minor systems, such as the septal organ and the Grueneberg ganglion. Distinct differences exist not only among species but also among individuals in terms of their olfactory sensitivity; however, little is known about the mechanisms that determine these differences. In research on the olfactory sensitivity of mammals, scientists thus depend in most cases on behavioral testing. In this article, we reviewed scientific studies performed on various mammalian species using different methodologies and target chemical substances. Human and non-human primates as well as rodents and dogs are the most frequently studied species. Olfactory threshold studies on other species do not exist with the exception of domestic pigs. Olfactory testing performed on seals, elephants, and bats focused more on discriminative abilities than on sensitivity. An overview of olfactory sensitivity studies as well as olfactory detection ability in most studied mammalian species is presented here, focusing on comparable olfactory detection thresholds. The basics of olfactory perception and olfactory sensitivity factors are also described., M. Wackermannová, L. Pinc, L. Jebavý., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1175. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: do we understand the relationship?
- Creator:
- Michal Vrablík, Martina Vaclová, Michaela Šnejdrlová, and Lukáš Zlatohlávek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kardiovaskulární fyziologie, omega-3 mastné kyseliny, cardiovascular physiology, omega-3 fatty acids, EPA (eicosapentaenoic), DHA (docosaheaxaenoic), cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular event, omega-3 index, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is a large body of evidence documenting the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the first double bond at the third position from methyl-terminal (so called omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)) on different components of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it may seem the more answers on the topic we learn, the more questions remain to be elucidated. There are three levels of evidence documenting the impact of fish omega-3 FAs on CVD risk. Epidemiological data have shown unequivocally the increased intake of fish is associated with lower CVD morbidity and mortality. Numerous experimental studies have shown (almost always) positive effects of omega-3 FAs on lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation and platelet function, endothelial function, arterial stiffness etc. Most importantly, there are a few prospective clinical endpoint trials (DART, JELIS, GISSI Prevenzione and GISSI-HF) that have examined the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in different patient populations. Recent meta-analyses of these and other clinical studies have yielded somewhat conflicting results. In this review we will summarize current evidence of omega-3 FAs effects on cardiovascular risk focusing on new data from recent clinical trials as well as possible practical implications for clinical practice., M. Vrablík ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1176. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced abnormalities in expression of connexin-40 in aorta of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats
- Creator:
- Frimmel, K., Ružena Sotníková, Jana Navarová, Iveta Bernátová, Križák, J., Zora Haviarová, Kura, B., Ján Slezák, and Ľudmila Okruhlicová
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, omega-3 mastné kyseliny, omega-3 fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, connexin-40, hypertriglyceridemia, rat aorta, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω3FA) are known to reduce hypertriglyceridemia- and inflammation-induced vascular wall diseases. However, mechanisms of their effects are not completely clear. We examined, whether 10-day Ω3FA diet can reduce bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in expression of gap junction protein connexin40 (Cx40) in the aorta of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats. After administration of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult hHTG rats, animals were fed with Ω3FA diet (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. LPS decreased Cx40 expression that was associated with reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aorta. Ω3FA administration to LPS rats had partial anti-inflammatory effects, associated with increased Cx40 expression and improved endothelium dependent relaxation of the aorta. Our results suggest that 10-day Ω3FA diet could protect endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta of hHTG rats against LPS-induced damage through the modulation of endothelial Cx40 expression, K. Frimmel, R. Sotníková, J. Navarová, I. Bernátová, J. Križák, Z. Haviarová, B. Kura, J. Slezák, Ľ. Okruhlicová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1177. On the pharmacology of oxidative burst of human neutrophils
- Creator:
- Radomír Nosáľ, Katarína Drábiková, Viera Jančinová, Tatiana Mačičková, Jana Pečivová, Perečko, T., Juraj Harmatha, and Jan Šmidrkal
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, proteinové kinázy, apoptóza, protein kinases, apoptosis, human neutrophils, oxidative burst, chemiluminescence, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effect of three therapeutically used drugs and five polyphenolic compounds on the mechanism of oxidative burst was compared in whole blood and isolated neutrophils at cellular and molecular level. In 10 μM concentration, the compounds investigated decreased the oxidative burst of whole blood in the rank order of potency: N-feruloylserotonin (N-f-5HT) > curcumin (CUR) > quercetin (QUER) > arbutin (ARB) > resveratrol (RES) > dithiaden (DIT) > carvedilol (CARV) > brompheniramine (BPA). The ratio between the percentage inhibition of extracellular versus intracellular chemiluminescence (CL) followed the rank order QUER > N-f-5HT > RES > CUR > DIT and is indicative of the positive effect of the compounds tested against oxidative burst of neutrophils, demonstrating suppression of reactive oxygen species extracellularly with minimal alteration of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of protein kinase C was significantly decreased by DIT, CUR, QUER and N-f-5HT. CARV, DIT, QUER and ARB reduced activated neutrophil myeloperoxidase release more significantly compared with the effect on superoxide anion generation. All compounds tested increased the activity of caspase-3 in cell-free system. It is suggested that other regulatory mechanisms than protein kinase C might participate in the inhibition of neutrophil activation with the compounds tested. Different mechanisms are concerned in controlling the assembly of NADPH oxidase and the regulatory role of calcium ions is suggested. Compounds decreasing the amount of extracellular ROS generation, yet affecting but minimally intracellular ROS generation, are promising for further investigation in vivo., R. Nosáľ, K. Drábiková, V. Jančinová, T. Mačičková, J. Pečivová, T. Perečko, J. Harmatha, J. Šmidrkal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1178. One year follow up in ischemic brain injury and the role of Alzheimer factors
- Creator:
- Jabłoński, M., Maciejewski, R., Januszewski, S., Ułamek, M., and Pluta, R.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mozková ischemie, hematoencefalická bariéra, demence, brain ischemia, blood-brain barrier, dementia, amyloid precursor protein, platelets, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ongoing interest in brain ischemia research has provided data showing that ischemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Brain ischemia in the rat produces a stereotyped pattern of selectiv e neuronal degeneration, which mimics early Alzheimer disease pathology. The objective of this study was to further develop an d characterize cardiac arrest model in rats, which provides practical way to analyze Alzheimer- type neurodegeneration. Rats were made ischemic by cardiac arrest. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) insufficiency, accumulation of different parts of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and platelets inside and outside BBB vessels were investigated in ischemic brain up to 1-year survival. Isch emic brain tissue demonstrated haphazard BBB changes. Toxic fr agments of APP deposits were associated with the BBB vessels. Moreover our study revealed platelet aggregates in- and outside BBB vessels. Toxic parts of APP and platelet aggregates correlated very well with BBB permeability. Progressive injury of the ischemic brain parenchyma may be caused not only by a degeneration of neurons destroyed during ischemia but also by chronic damage in BBB. Chronic ischemic BBB insufficiency with accumulation of toxic components of APP in the brain tissue perivascular space, may gradually over a lifetime, progress to brain atrophy and to full blown Alzheimer-type pathology., M. Jabłoński., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1179. One-year results from cryopreserved mitral allograft transplantation into the tricuspid position in a sheep experimental model
- Creator:
- Aleš Mokráček, Canadyova, J., Simunkova, Z., Fiala, R., Hmirak, M., Sulda, M., Jan Burkert, Tintera, J., Petr Kobylka, and Jaroslav Špatenka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, mitral allograft, tricuspid valve replacement, cryopreservation, sheep experimental model, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Mitral allografts are still used only exceptionally in the mitral or tricuspid position. The main indication remains infectious endocarditis of atrioventricular valves for its flexibility and low risk of infection. The aim of our study was to evaluate 1-year results of mitral allografts transplantation into the tricuspid position in a sheep model. Mitral allografts were processed, cryopreserved, a nd transplanted into the tricuspid position anatomically (Group I - 11 animals) or antianatomically (Group II - 8 animals). All survivors (4 from Group I, and 3 from Group II) were checked at 3, 6, and 12 months by echocardiography with the exception of one survivor from Group II (which was examinated only visually). Examination throughout follow-up included for mitral allograft regurgitation and annuli dilatation. At postmortem, the papillary muscles were healed and firmly anchored to the right ventricular wall in all subjects. Transventricular fixation of the papillary muscles with buttressed sutures was proven to be a stable, reproducible, and safe method for anchoring mitral allograft leaflets. There were no significant differences between the two implan tation methods. Annulus support of mitral allografts might be very useful in this type of operation and could prevent annular dilatation., A. Mokracek, J. Canadyova, Z. Simunkova, R. Fiala, M. Hmirak, M. Sulda, J. Burkert, J. Tintera, P. Kobylka, J. Spatenka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1180. Ontogenetic changes of lipofuscin-like pigments in the rat heart
- Creator:
- Wilhelm, J. and Ivana Ošťádalová
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, rat heart, ontogenetic development, lipofuscin-like pigments (LFP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), gender difference, right /left ventricle ratio, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Increased generation of reactive oxygen species results in the formation of fluorescent end-products of lipid peroxidation – lipofuscin-like pigments (LFP). LFP increased up to six-fold from the fetal value in the rat heart immediately after birth. In the experimental design of this study the fetuses were sampled 1 day before birth, and then the samples were collected on postnatal days 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 30, and 60. Males and females were compared on day 30 and 60 when the difference between right and left ventricle was studied as well. Four LFP fluorophores were analyzed: F355/440, F310/470, F350/450, F315/450 (excitation/emission, nm). All fluorophores decreased on day 4 relative to day 1, subsequent transient increases ended in a significant decrease on day 60. However, the LFP levels on day 60 are still about threefold higher than those in fetuses. Differences between male and female hearts were observed on day 30. The corresponding male ventricles contained by one third higher concentration of LFP than the female counterparts. The increase in LFP concentration in male ventricles on day 30 was only transient, no difference between corresponding male and female ventricles was found on day 60. The most distinguished feature in the male heart was a sharp LFP decrease in the right ventricle on day 60., J. Wilhelm, I. Ošťádalová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public