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132. Historie a současnost entomologie na Mendelově univerzitě v Brně
- Creator:
- Hana Šefrová and Zdeněk Laštůvka
- Type:
- article, biography, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Mendelova univerzita., Ústav zoologie, rybářství, hydrobiologie a včelařství, entomologie, vědecká práce, entomology, scientific work, Brno (Česko), Brno (Czechia), 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Hana Šefrová, Zdeněk Laštůvka.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
133. Host spatial pattern influences induction of parasitization by Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
- Creator:
- Voinovich, Nataliya D., Umarova, Taisiya Ya., and Sergey Ya.
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, blanokřídlí, Trichogrammatidae, Trichogramma principium, samičky, parasitizmus, Sitotroga cerealella (hostitel), vajíčka hostitele, uspořádání vajíček, vztahy, 591.5, 576, and 595.2/.7
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The influence of host intrapatch spatial distribution on parasitoid host acceptance behavior was investigated with Trichogramma principium parasitizing eggs of grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella. Single females were placed in Petri dishes, each containing 60 host eggs arranged either as a compact patch or partitioned into 60 or 12 clusters each consisting of 1 or 5 eggs, respectively. Partitioned patches provoked parasitization more often than compact patches. The percentage of ovipositing females (i.e., females parasitizing at least one of 60 host eggs) increased with the number of clusters, while it was independent of the intercluster distance over intervals of 2.5-15 mm. The mean number of eggs parasitized by ovipositing females during 48 h was almost independent of the host egg spatial pattern. As a result, the rate of parasitization was higher when the hosts were sparsely distributed within a patch than when they were aggregated., Nataliya D. Voinovich, Taisiya Ya. Umarova, Sergey Ya. Reznik, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
134. How fine is fine-scale? Questioning the use of fine-scale bioclimatic data in species distribution models used for forecasting abundance patterns in butterflies
- Creator:
- Filz, Katharina J., Schmitt, Thomas, and Engler, Jan O.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Invertebrates, spatial abundance, environmental suitability, environmental niche model, MAXENT, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The use of species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the spatial occurrence and abundance of species in relation to environmental predictors has been debated in terms of species’ ecology and biogeography. The predictive power of these models is well recognized for vertebrates, but has not yet been tested for invertebrates. In this study, we aim to assess the use of SDMs for predicting local abundances of invertebrates at a macroscale level. A maximum entropy algorithm was used to build SDMs based on occurrence records of 61 species of butterflies and bioclimatic information with a 30 arc second resolution. Predictions of habitat suitability were correlated with butterfly abundance data derived from independently conducted field surveys in order to check for a relationship between the predictions of the model and local abundances. Even though the model accurately described the current distributions of the species in the study area at a macroscale, the observed occurrences of the species (i.e. presence/absence) recorded by the field surveys differed significantly from the model’s predictions for the corresponding grid cells. Moreover, there was no correlation between observed abundance and the model’s predictions for most species of butterflies. We conclude that the spatial abundance of butterflies cannot be predicted from environmental suitability modelled at a resolution as large as in this study. Using the finest scale bioclimatic information currently available (i.e. 30 arc seconds) it is not adequate to predict species abundances as structural and ecological factors as well as climatic patterns acting at a smaller scale are key determinants of the occurrence and abundance of invertebrates. Therefore, future studies have to account for the role of the resolution in environmental predictors when assessments of spatial abundances via SDMs will be conducted., Katharina J. Filz, Thomas Schmitt, Jan O. Engler., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
135. How many species are there in the subgenus Bursaphis (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)? CO-I evidence
- Creator:
- Rakauskas, Rimantas, Turčinavičienė, Jurga, and Bašilova, Jekaterina
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Aphids, Aphis, Bursaphis, classification, molecular phylogeny, mtDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Species-level problems in the Aphis (Bursaphis) complex are reconsidered based on the partial sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 gene together with morphological and ecological data. This indicates that the American species A. oenotherae is a complex of four species (A. oenotherae, A. holoenotherae, A. costalis and A. neomexicana) and the taxonomic status of the species couples A. varians - A. manitobensis and A. epilobii - A. grossulariae require further clarification. Aphis sp. (USA: California, Oregon) of Blackman & Eastop (2006, p. 415) deserves the status of a species provided there is information on its host association and life cycle. Partial cox1 sequences might be misleading when used as standard DNA barcodes of aphid species of the subgenus Bursaphis. and Rimantas Rakauskas, Jurga Turčinavičienė, Jekaterina Bašilova.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
136. How much care does a shrub-feeding hairstreak butterfly, Satyrium spini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), need in calcareous grasslands?
- Creator:
- Löffler, Franz, Stuhldreher, Gregor, and Fartmann, Thomas
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lycaenidae, Satyrium spini, clear-cut, conservation management, egg-laying, microclimate, oviposition preference, Rhamnus cathartica, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1_Many butterfly target species are associated with early successional stages of grasslands. The Blue-spot Hairstreak, Satyrium spini (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), is a target species of grasslands. However, it feeds on Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), which is associated with late successional stages of grasslands. If S. spini would also be restricted to late seral stages, there might be a management dilemma due to the contrasting requirements of S. spini and other target species. The aim of this study was to determine the oviposition preference of S. spini in calcareous grasslands, and to give management recommendations to promote this species. Therefore, we studied the oviposition microhabitats of S. spini at three representative patches of the Diemel Valley (Central Germany) by comparing environmental conditions on occupied and control host plants. In total we surveyed 1,889 host plants. Altogether we found 148 batches of S.spini on them containing 396 eggs. Most of the eggs were on plants that grew under the warmest conditions. Females preferred to lay eggs on small (< 1.3 m) shrubs of Rh. cathartica fully exposed to the sun growing on steep south- and west-facing slopes., 2_This butterfly showed no difference in its preference for bushes growing in hedges or solitarily. About 80% of the batches of eggs were laid on the upper surface of a twig fork close to the surface of the ground (< 1 m). Our study showed that S. spini is a species characteristic of mid-successional stages of calcareous grasslands. The survival of suitable habitats for S. spini depends on regular management. To achieve this we recommend traditional rough grazing with sheep and goats, which creates open grasslands with small Rhamnus plants. In addition, the shrubs in tall hedges bordering calcareous grasslands should be subjected to cutting on a rotating basis., Franz Löffler, Gregor Stuhldreher, Thomas Fartmann., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
137. How to increase the value of urban areas for butterfly conservation? A lesson from Prague nature reserves and parks
- Creator:
- Martin Konvička and Kadlec, Tomáš
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), insect conservation, habitat fragments, Lepidoptera, reserves, urbanisation, Zygaenidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Cities contain only a low representation of natural and semi-natural habitats, existing in fragments surrounded by built-up areas. In 2003-2004, we surveyed butterflies and Zygaenidae moths in 21 reserves and 4 parks within the city of Prague, Czech Republic, situated from the periphery to city centre. A total of 85 species (47% of the Czech fauna of the study groups) was detected, 22 of them being of conservation concern. Ordination analyses of the local assemblages revealed that the richest sites were large, situated far from the city centre, on alkaline bedrocks, south- to southwest oriented, and hosting high numbers of vegetation types and vascular plant species. We then used generalised linear models to fit responses of individual species to the main ordination gradient, corresponding to increasing urbanisation. Out of 60 species that met criteria for the modelling, none responded positively to urbanisation. Twenty displayed negative linear response; these urban avoiders contained a surplus of mesophilous species presumably preferring rural landscapes. Further 29 species (suburban adaptable) responded in domed manners, peaking at the city periphery. Prevailing among them were xerophilous specialists inhabiting large grassland reserves at the Prague outskirts. Finally, eleven urban tolerant species did not respond to urbanisation at all, containing three highly mobile species, three xerothermophilous specialists, and five species utilising shrubs or trees and finding suitable conditions even in urban parks. Suburban adaptable butterflies apparently benefit from such suburban environments as gardens, road or railway verges, collectively increasing the connectivity of remnants of seminatural habitats. The fact that arboreal species persist even in urban parks, whereas common grassland species are absent there, implies that the quality of urban habitats might be increased by a more sensitive management of, a2_urban green spaces, such as leaving aside small temporary fallows or adapting lawns mowing schemes., and Martin Konvicka, Tomas Kadlec.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
138. Hybridisation between Aphis grossulariae and Aphis schneideri (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae): An experimental approach
- Creator:
- Rakauskas, Rimantas
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- article, bibliography, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- zoologie, entomologie, hmyz, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, hybridizace, laboratorní pokusy, 595.2/.7, and 591.1
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A. schneideri and A. grossulariae clones from southern Poland produced fertile hybrid eggs under experimental conditions. Established hybrid clones expressed normal parthenogenetic reproduction but bisexual generations were not obtained, though a few sexuales developed in some cases. Morphological features of A. schneideri and host-specificity of A. grossulariae tended to dominate in the majority of hybrid clones. Independent inheritance of the studied morphological characters and host specificity can therefore be presumed. Present results do not exclude the possibility of natural hybridisation of studied aphid species. Natural crosses might cause taxonomic and currant pest management problems., Rimantas Rakauskas, and Lit
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
139. Identification of 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) using high-throughput sequence data
- Creator:
- Stoeckle, Bernhard C. and Kuehn, Ralph
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Ips typographus, 454 sequencing, next generation sequencing, Short tandem repeats, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Novel microsatellite markers for the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) are identified and characterized using next generation sequencing technology. 18 polymorphic loci were obtained by screening 10,684 reads and tested on 35 bark beetle samples from different locations in Bavaria, Germany. Allelic richness ranged from two to 38 alleles, observed heterozygosity from 0.03 to 0.66 and expected heterozygosity from 0.08 to 0.97. Four loci showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and no linkage between loci was detected. The 18 loci, along with another six loci previously described, provide effective analytical tools for analyzing the fine-scale genetic structure of bark beetle populations. The result of this study demonstrates that next generation sequencing technology is a valuable method for isolating microsatellites of a coleopteran species. and Bernhard C. STOECKLE, Ralph KUEHN.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
140. Identification of 37 microsatellite loci for Anthophora plumipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) using next generation sequencing and their utility in related species
- Creator:
- Černá, Kateřina and Jakub Straka
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Apidae, microsatellite development, Anthophora plumipes, 454 sequencing, Anthophorini, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Novel microsatellite markers for the solitary bee, Anthophora plumipes, were identified and characterised using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing technology. Thirty seven loci were tested using fluorescently labelled primers on a sample of 20 females from Prague. The number of alleles ranged from 1 to 10 (with a mean of 4 alleles per locus), resulting in an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.05 to 0.9 and an expected heterozygosity from 0.097 to 0.887. None of the loci showed a significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and only two loci showed the significant presence of null alleles. No linkage between loci was detected. We further provide information on a single multiplex PCR consisting of 11 of the most polymorphic loci. This multiplex approach provides an effective analytical tool for analysing genetic structure and carrying out parental analyses on Anthophora populations. Most of the 37 loci tested also showed robust amplification in five other Anthophora species (A. aestivalis, A. crinipes, A. plagiata, A. pubescens and A. quadrimaculata). The result of this study demonstrates that next generation sequencing technology is a valuable method for isolating quality microsatellites in non-model species of solitary bees. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public