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222. Evropská unie jako globální aktér: K veřejnému mínění ve vybraných neevropských zemích

Creator:
Lukáš Novotný
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, European Union, soft power, public opinion, non-European countries, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tato stať se zabývá analýzou veřejného mínění obyvatel neevropských zemí a jejich pohledem na Evropskou unii. Studie přitom není analýzou zahraniční či obchodní politiky těchto zemí, nýbrž vychází z postojů obyvatel těchto zemí. Občané těchto zemí hodnotí EU nejčastěji jako „soft power“ a jako ekonomickou velmoc. Vysoce ceněné jsou nadále také aktivity v oblasti mírových rekonstrukcí bývalých válečných regionů, vytýkáno je jí však, že málo využívá svého ekonomického potenciálu při řešení konfliktů. Shodně jí však také kritizují za protekcionistickou politiku v oblasti dovozu. Politicky ovšem unie nadále zůstává víceméně nevýznamným aktérem mezinárodních vztahů., This article deals with the analysis of public opinion in the non-European countries and with their view about the European Union. The study is not yet an analysis of foreign and trade policies of these countries, but it based on the opini - ons of their inhabitants. The citizens of these countries assessed the EU as “soft power” and as an economic superpower. Highly valued are the activities in the field of peaceful reconstruction of the former war regions, however, it is alleged that it uses few use its economical potential in resolving conflicts. However the Union is criticized for their protectionist policies in the import. Politically remains the union largely unimportant player in international relations., and Lukáš, Novotný.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

223. Experimental models of acute lung injury in the newborns

Creator:
Daniela Mokrá and Andrea Čalkovská
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, novorozenci, newborns, acute lung injury, animal model, surfactant depletion, meconium aspiration, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Acute lung injury in the preterm newborns can originate from prematurity of the lung and insufficient synthesis of pulmonary surfactant. This situation is known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the term neonates, the respiratory insufficiency is related to a secondary inactivation of the pulmonary surfactant, for instance, by action of endotoxins in bacterial pneumonia or by effects of aspirated meconium. The use of experimental models of the mentioned situations provides new information on the pathophy siology of these disorders and offers unique possibility to test novel therapeutic approaches in the conditions which are very similar to the clinical syndromes. Herewith we review the advantages and limitations of the use of experimental models of RDS and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and their value for clinics., D. Mokra, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

224. Experimental models of hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis

Creator:
Rudolf Poledne and Jurčíková-Novotná, L.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, lipoproteiny, ateroskleróza, lipoproteins, atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis-models, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The first experimental model of atherosclerosis (in rabbits) is more than hundred years old. Several animal species have bee n used to produce hyperlipoproteine mia and possible atherosclerosis. The gene manipulation produced the most used models recently. This review acknowledges the extensive study of atherosclerotic changes in experimental models of hyperlipoprotein emia and at herosclerosis to come to light thus far and the purpose here is not only to summariz e the published data but also to try to add some details of our experience in using these models. In addition to rabbit (the old but also improved model by reno-vascular hy pertension) dog, birds, pig, hamster, mice, rat and non-human primate’s animal models are described. The gene manipulation produced the most used models two decades ago. Germline genetically engineered (without apoE or LDL receptor genes) animals have beco me the most used models producing atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. Recent new models also producing atherosclerotic changes but without germline genetic manipulation are also described., R. Poledne, L. Jurčíková-Novotná., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

225. Factors limiting the northern distribution of the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Eastern Canada

Creator:
Vincent, Charles, Lemoyne, Pierre, Gaul, Sonia, and Mackenzie, Kenna
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, vrtulovití, Diptera, Tephritidae, Rhagoletis mendax, blueberry maggot, supercooling point, overwintering, host plants, Vaccinium spp., 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Until recently, the Canadian distribution of the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), was restricted to Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. The insect was first mentioned in southern Quebec in 1996 and, to date, it has not reached the Lac St-Jean region, where 34% of Canadian blueberry acreage is located. Two questions concerning the northern limit of distribution of the blueberry maggot in Quebec were addressed. First, are wild plants suitable hosts for larval development? We collected the fruit of five wild plants, (e.g. Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Gaylussacia baccata, and Aronia melanocarpa) growing in southern Quebec and allowed larvae to complete their development into pupae. Blueberry maggot pupae were recovered from Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Gaylussacia baccata, indicating that these plants are suitable for larval development. Second, are harsh winter temperatures a factor limiting the northern distribution of the blueberry maggot? Pupae collected in Quebec and Nova Scotia were put in the soil in the fall and were brought back to the laboratory to determine their supercooling points at different times during winter. The supercooling points of pupae collected in Quebec and Nova Scotia averaged -22.6°C. In natural conditions, air temperatures <-20°C are frequently observed in Quebec in January, February and March. However, due to snow cover, soil temperatures are rarely <-12°C. If -22.6°C constitutes the lower limit for the survival, then winter temperatures are probably not a limiting factor to its northern distribution in Quebec, because blueberry maggot pupae overwinter in the soil., Charles Vincent, Pierre Lemoyne, Sonia Gaul, Kenna Mackenzie., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

226. Faktory územní alokace poslaneckých dotací v Česku v letech 2003-2009: význam lokalizace bydlišť poslanců

Creator:
Hána, David and Marie Feřtrová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, pork barrel, public expenditure, spatial pattern, Chamber of Deputies, Czechia, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Mezi hlavní zájmy politiků patří politická, finanční i legislativní podpora svých volebních obvodů či bydlišť. Článek se pokouší odhalit pravidelnosti v prostorovém vzorci poslaneckých dotací, o kterých poslanci rozhodovali během projednávání návrhu státního rozpočtu v Poslanecké sněmovně (porcování medvěda), na základě analýzy významu lokalizace poslaneckých trvalých bydlišť pro jejich alokaci. Na úrovni okresů byla provedena analýza korelace dat přijatých pozměňovacích návrhů poslanců k návrhu státního rozpočtu ze sněmovních tisků a lokalizace poslaneckých trvalých bydlišť z volební databáze Českého statistického úřadu. Na úrovni obcí byly metodou lokálního indikátoru prostorové asociace LISA odhaleny prostorové shluky vysoké a nízké podpory poslaneckými dotacemi, které byly následně na půdorysu obvodů obcí s rozšířenou působností porovnány s trvalými bydlišti poslanců. Jejich rozmístění v několika případech odpovídalo příjmu poslaneckých dotací, obecná závislost se však nepotvrdila., Political, financial and legislative support of one’s own constituency or home location belongs to the main interests of politicians. The paper attempts to identify a spatial pattern in pork barrel grants allocated during the endorsement of draft state budgets by the Chamber of Deputies. The factor of deputies’ home locations is analysed. Correlation analysis at district level exploits Parliamentary Gazette data on approved deputies’ amendments to the draft state budget and a list of deputies’ home municipalities from electoral database of the Czech Statistical Office. At municipal level, a local indicator of spatial autocorrelation was employed to discover several spatial clusters of high and low pork barrel support, which was compared with deputies’ home locations. Although several pork barrel grants were allocated to these locations, no general correlation was confirmed., David Hána, Marie Feřtrová., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

228. Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Czech Republic: more than 17 years of systematic screening within the MedPed project

Creator:
Michal Vrablík, Martina Vaclová, Tichý, L., Vladimír Soška, Vladimír Bláha, Lenka Fajkusová, Richard Češka, Šatný, M., and Tomáš Freiberger
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, familiární hypercholesterolémie, familial hypercholesterolemia, LDL-cholesterol, cascade screening, MedPed, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common autosomal dominant disorder. It is characterized by a de crease in LDL cholesterol catabolism and an early clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic vessel damage. The aim of the MedPed (Make early diagnosis to Prevent early deaths) project is an early diagnosis of FH patients in order to profit from early treat ment and prevent cardiov ascular events. Till November 30, 2016 The Czech National MedPed Database has registered 7,001 FH patients from 5,223 different families that is 17.4 % of expected patients in the Czech Republic considering 1:250 FH prevalence. The improvement in diagnostic accuracy, patient cooperation and above all familial cascade screening is enabled by FH mutation detection using the modern technology of next-generation sequencing. FH still remain undiagnosed even though the Czech Republic is on e of the most successful countries with respect to FH detection. The opportunities of international collaboration and experience sharing within international programs (e.g. EAS FHSC, ScreenPro FH etc.) will improve the detection of FH patients in the futur e and enable even more accessible and accurate genetic diagnostics., M. Vrablík, M. Vaclová, L. Tichý, V. Soška, V. Bláha, L. Fajkusová, R. Češka, M. Šatný, T. Freiberger., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

229. Fast slide preparation for thrips (Thysanoptera) routine identifications

Creator:
Silveira, Luís C. P. and Haro, Marcelo M.
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, entomologie, entomology, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Phlaeothripidae, pest, IPM, Hoyer's solution, slide mount, identification, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Thrips are important agricultural pests and accurate identification is important for their effective management. In order to determine species, however, they need to be mounted on slides and the traditional process is time-consuming. The aim of this paper is to describe a simple and fast method to prepare temporary slides for the routine identification of thrips, which is not dependent on their colour and hardness. Four species of thrips of different colours were used in the preparations: Frankliniella occidentalis (yellow with brown tergal markings), Frankliniella schultzei (entirely brown), Haplothrips gowdeyii (dark brown to carmine) and Caliothrips phaseoli (brown to black). Slides of each species were prepared using three different methods: traditional (3 days), simplified (6 h) and fast method (10 min). The thrips on the resulting slides were observed under a microscope and important structures used in their identification were compared. The quality of the slides prepared using the traditional method was superior to those prepared using the other two methods if only the transparency and general position of the insects on the slides were considered. The transparency of the slides prepared using the simplified method was also good, but only for the pale coloured species (yellow and grey-brown). The fast method, on the other hand, was very efficient for routine identification since it resulted in slides of sufficient quality for identifying species regardless of their colour. It is important, however, to stress that the fast method is only suitable for preparing temporary slides for routine identification and is not a substitute for the traditional method of preparing permanent slides., Luís C.P. Silveira, Marcelo M. Haro., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public