A new kind of a deterministic pushdown automaton, called a \emph{Tree Compression Automaton}, is presented. The tree compression automaton represents a complete compressed index of a set of trees for subtrees and accepts all subtrees of given trees. The algorithm for constructing our pushdown automaton is incremental. For a single tree with n nodes, the automaton has at most n+1 states, its transition function cardinality is at most 4n and there are 2n+1 pushdown store symbols. If hashing is used for storing automaton's transitions, thus removing a factor of logn, the construction of the automaton takes linear time and space with respect to the length n of the input tree(s). Our pushdown automaton construction can also be used for finding all subtree repeats without augmenting the overall complexity.
In this work we deal with tree pattern matching over ranked trees, where the pattern set to be matched against is defined by a regular tree expression. We present a new method that uses a tree automaton constructed inductively from a regular tree expression. First we construct a special tree automaton for the regular tree expression of the pattern E, which is somehow a generalization of Thompson automaton for strings. Then we run the constructed automaton on the subject tree t. The pattern matching algorithm requires an O(|t||E|) time complexity, where |t| is the number of nodes of t and |E| is the size of the regular tree expression E. The novelty of this contribution besides the low time complexity is that the set of patterns can be infinite, since we use regular tree expressions to represent patterns.
First, this paper discusses tree-controlled grammars with root-to-leaf derivation-tree paths restricted by control languages. It demonstrates that if the control languages are regular, these grammars generate the family of context-free languages. Then, in a similar way, the paper introduces tree-controlled grammars with derivation-tree cuts restricted by control languages. It proves that if the cuts are restricted by regular languages, these grammars generate the family of recursively enumerable languages. In addition, it places a binary-relation-based restriction upon these grammars and demonstrate that this additional restriction does not affect the generative power of these grammars.
Climate change impacts on the regional water cycle represent a long-term ''system disturbance'' and belong to the most urgent issues of today’s hydrological research. Stronger research efforts are needed especially at the regional and local scale, where political and technical adaptation measures can be taken to avoid critical developments for the environment and society. Studies in the past indicate considerable regional vul-nerabilities against changes of both temperature and precipitation patterns. The present study describes a methodology, which allows to assess the influences of climate changes in a meso-scale region. Results of a high temporal and spatial resolution mod-elling approach are presented for the State of Brandenburg in Eastern Germany, which suffers from water deficit similar to many Mediterranean regions. The study indicates strong impacts on various water balance components under changed climatic condi-tions in the period 1996-2050 and possible water availability problems in the future. Basis for the impact study are trend analyses in Brandenburg, which indicate a signifi-cant decrease of percolation already in the observation period 1961-1998, especially for areas with a shallow groundwater table. and Dopady zmeny klímy na hydrologický cyklus v regionálnej mierke predstavujú dlhodobé ''narušenia systému'' a patria k najnaliehavejším otázkam súčasného hydrologického výskumu. Výraznejšiu pozornosť výskumu si vyžadujú najmä problémy v regionálnej a lokálnej mierke, kde môžu byť prijaté opatrenia, ktoré umožnia vyhnúť sa krízovému vývoju v životnom prostredí a spoločnosti. Minulé štúdie poukázali na veľkú regionálnu zraniteľnosť voči zmenám teploty a atmosférických zrážok. Tento príspevok opisuje metodológiu odhadu vplyvov zmeny klímy v regióne veľkosti mezomierky. Sú v ňom prezentované výsledky modelovania s vysokým časovým a priestorovým rozlíšením v krajine Brandenbursko vo východnej časti Nemecka. Štúdia poukazuje na významné dopady zmenených klimatických podmienok pre obdobie 1996-2050 na rôzne prvky hydrologickej bilancie a možné problémy so zdrojmi vody v budúcnosti. Základom impaktovej štúdie je trendová analýza, ktorá poukazuje na významný pokles perkolácie už v pozorovanom období 1961-1998, najmä v oblastiach s plytkou hladinou podzemnej vody.
The main aim of this work is to evaluate the development of rainfall-runoff regime in selected river basins of the Šumava Mountains (Bohemian Forest), the Jeseníky Mountains and the Krušné Mountains (Ore Mountains) in the last 50 years. Besides the identification of inhomogeneity in time series of mean discharges, rainfall amounts, temperature and snow cover data, the work deals with an analysis of trends using annual and monthly data. Different methodological tools for identification of changes and trends in hydro-climatic time series have been introduced in this study, especially different methods of statistic testing and an application of Mann-Kendall seasonal test. The results have been compared not only from the point of view of the methods applied here, but as well from the viewpoint of geographical difference of the mentioned areas. and Hlavním cílem předložené studie je zhodnotit vývoj srážko-odtokového režimu ve vybraných povodích v oblasti Šumavy, Jeseníků a Krušných hor za posledních 50 let. Vedle zjišťování nehomogenit v časových řadách průměrných průtokových, srážkových, ale i teplotních a sněhových dat se práce zabývá analýzou trendů na úrovni ročních hodnot a jednotlivých měsíců. V práci jsou představeny různé metodické nástroje ke sledování změn a trendů v hydroklimatologických řadách, zejména různé metody statistického testování a aplikace Mann-Kendallova sezónního testu. Výsledky jsou porovnány nejen z hlediska použitých metod, ale i geografické rozdílnosti sledovaných území.
This work presents a summary of current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of periodontitis. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and is supplemented with new knowledge. It subsequently describes specifically the laboratory diagnosis methods of periodontitis: the protein expression of inflammation, oral microbiology and molecular diagnostics. Periodontitis is a serious disease worldwide and its confirmed association with systemic diseases means its severity is increasing. Its laboratory diagnosis has the potential to rise to the level of clinical and diagnostic imaging. The transfer of diagnostic methods from laboratory to clinical use is increasingly used in the prevention and monitoring of the exacerbation and treatment of periodontal disease, as well as of its impact on systemic disease. and B. Bolerázska, M. Mareková, N. Markovská