Cíl: předvést praktické použití softwarové techniky určené k analýze variance - one-way ANOVA - ke dvěma účelům verifikačního procesu: k odhadu nejistoty analytické metody dle dokumentu CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) C51-A Vol. 32 No. 4 „Expression of Measurement Uncertainty in Laboratory Medicine, Approved Guideline“, 2012 [1] a současně ke zjednodušení postupu verifikace preciznosti měřicího postupu dle CLSI EP15-A2 Vol. 25 No.17 „User Verification of Performance for Precision and Trueness; Approved Guideline, Second Edition“ [2]. Výsledky: aplikace obou normativních postupů je předvedena v praktickém příkladu odhadu nejistoty jedné koncentrační hladiny látkové koncentrace urey v lidském séru (měřená veličina) a současně ke zjednodušenému postupu verifikace preciznosti tohoto měřicího postupu. Verifikační experiment odpovídá dokumentu EP15-A2 a měření se prováděla na jedné koncentrační hladině měřené veličiny vždy ve třech opakováních v průběhu pěti dní. Cíl - diskuse: předvést možnost zjednodušení verifikačního postupu. Závěr: Pomocí techniky one-way ANOVA lze současně provést výpočet nejistoty měření i mezilehlé (celkové) preciznosti., Objective: To demonstrate the practical use of the „one-way ANOVA“ technique for the expression of measurement uncertainty in laboratory medicine as well as to simplify the process of the user verification of performance for precision according, according to documents CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), titled as C51-A Vol.32 No.4 „Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement Laboratory Medicine, Approved Guideline“, 2012 [1], next only the C51-A, and according to CLSI EP15-A2 Vol. 25 No.17 document titled as „User verification of Performance for Precision and trueness; Approved Guideline, Second Edition“ [2], hereinafter EP15-A2. Results: The application of both normative practices is demonstrated in the practical example use for the uncertainty method estimation on one concentration level of the urea molar concentration in the human serum (measurand), together with the simplified procedure of the user verification of the method performance for the precision. The verification experiment matches the document EP15-A2, i.e. one measurand level running in 3 replicates on each of the 5 days. The calculation of the measurement uncertainty and the intermediate precision is processed by analyzing components of the variability in the „one-way ANOVA“ technique. Objective - Discussion: to demonstrate the possibility of simplifying the verification process Conclusion: the evaluation using one-way ANOVA technique to estimate the method uncertainty and the user verification of the method performance for the precision as well., Ambrožová J., and Literatura
Western moral and political theorists have recently devoted considerable attention to the perceived victimisation of women by non-western cultures. In this paper, the author argues that conceiving injustice to poor women in poor countries primarily as a matter of their oppression by illiberal cultures presents an understanding of their situation that is crucially incomplete. This incomplete understanding distorts Western theorists’ comprehension of our moral relationship to women elsewhere in the world and so of our theoretical task. It also impoverishes our assumptions about the intercultural dialogue necessary to promote global justice for women., Alison M. Jaggar, and Anglické resumé
Autor se ve svém článku zabývá vývojem federálního soudnictví v USA v poslední dekádě 18. a první čtvrtině 19. století. Tuto problematiku se pak snaží především postihnout pod zorným úhlemdramatického ústavního vývoje, který v této době probíhal a v němž se nezřídka právě federální soudnictvíocitalo v prvé linii boje mezi oběma tehdejšími znepřátelenými frakcemi americké politiky – federalistya republikány.Nad celou touto problematikou se pak pochopitelně neodbytně vznáší i klíčová otázka po tom, kdo budedohlížet nad tím, zda akty státní moci jsou v souladu s ústavou, či nikoliv. Ačkoli tyto problémy jsou řešenyjiž na sklonku 18. století – autor v této souvislosti vyzvedává zejména Hamiltonův slavný „esej číslo 78“z „Listů federalistů“ o soudnictví, či přímo zákon o soudnictví z roku 1789 – za „zakladatelský věk“, kdyobrysy federálního soudnictví, jakož i otázka soudního přezkoumávání ústavnosti nabudou svých pevnýchtvarů, lze dle něj považovat také (a snad ještě více) první čtvrtinu 19. století.V článku je tak pochopitelněanalyzován i klíčový případ americké ústavní historie „Marbury v.Madison“, jakož i tzv. „economical cases“. and The author deals with the development of the federal judiciary in the United States in the last decade of the 18th and the first quarter of the 19th century, from the perspective of the dramatic constitutional developments that took place at that time and which often positioned federal judiciary in the front line of the battle between the two then warring factions of American politics – the Federalists and Republicans. This, of course, insistently raises the vital question of who supervises whether the acts of state are in accordance with the Constitution or not. Although these problems are dealt with in the late 18th century – the author in this context, especially highlights Hamilton’s famous “Essay No. 78” from the “Federalists Papers”, or even the Judiciary Act of 1789. The author concludes that the “founding Age”, which lays down the principles of federal judiciary, as well as the question of judicial review of constitutionality, and when they take their solid forms, can also be considered (and perhaps even more) to be the first quarter of the 19th century. The article obviously analyzed the key case of the U.S. constitutional
history “Marbury v.Madison” and the “economical cases”.
Približne každý piaty Slovák je obézny a každý druhý má nadváhu. Z tohto dôvodu bol realizovaný projekt Diateens – projekt pre mládež na prevenciu diabetes mellitus. Záštitu nad projektom prevzala Slovenská diabetologická spoločnosť a slovenská kancelária WHO ako jeden z edukačných programov v rámci Národného diabetologického programu. Cieľom projektu bolo zlepšiť informovanosť mladých ľudí o ochorení diabetes mellitus, zmapovať ich zdravotný stav a podporiť zdravý životný štýl (zdravé správanie) ako významný komponent v prevencii proti uvedenému ochoreniu. Kľúčové slova: diabetes mellitus – Diateens – nadváha – obezita – prevencia – zdravie podporujúce správanie, Približne každý piaty Slovák je obézny a každý druhý má nadváhu. Z tohto dôvodu bol realizovaný projekt Diateens – projekt pre mládež na prevenciu diabetes mellitus. Záštitu nad projektom prevzala Slovenská diabetologická spoločnosť a slovenská kancelária WHO ako jeden z edukačných programov v rámci Národného diabetologického programu. Cieľom projektu bolo zlepšiť informovanosť mladých ľudí o ochorení diabetes mellitus, zmapovať ich zdravotný stav a podporiť zdravý životný štýl (zdravé správanie) ako významný komponent v prevencii proti uvedenému ochoreniu. Kľúčové slova: diabetes mellitus – Diateens – nadváha – obezita – prevencia – zdravie podporujúce správanie, and Viera Cviková, Adriana Ilavská
This article examines the nature of the relationship between the kind of textual politics, here referredto as ‘women’s writing’, and the dominant discursive practice of Czech culture, whoselogic and functioning is best encapsulated in the Derridean term ‘phallogocentrism’. Women’swriting is defined here as the kind of writing which locates itself outside the domain and logicof a phallogocentric discourse, trying to challenge and undermine its hegemonic status. In thisrespect, women’s writing is not delimited by the sex of an author, but by his/her gendered subjectivity,his/her position within the discursive formation, and his/her attitude to hegemonic languagepractices. Women’s writing, as understood in this thesis, critically reflects upon the role oflanguage as a decisive medium for our thinking, and questions the notion of subjectivity, whichis usually equated with the Cartesian Ego and conceived as an autonomous entity. Through itstextual strategies, women’s writing reflects upon the fact that we all are inevitably ‘inserted’ intolanguage. Consequently, rather than striving to free itself of – inevitable – discursive formationand constraints, it highlights the formative role of language by means of an ironic, palimpsest‑likere‑writingof conventional literary narratives, as well as by means of textual politics definedby the continuous displacement of meaning. The criticism of the phallogocentric concept of subjectivityis on the one hand informed by the decentring of the identity of the narrating subject,and on the other by one’s awareness of one’s epistemic situatedness within a particular discursivespace. The logic and economy of women’s writing is determined by the tension between itsdrive towards non‑phallogocentricdiscourse, and its paradoxical, yet inevitable dependence onsymbolic codes and hegemonic discursive practices. The subversive potential of women’s writing,as understood here, is thus not situated within a space seen as a radical ‘beyond’, but is directedinwards, into the fissures of the phallogocentric discourse itself.In order to exemplify the features of women’s writing, the article discusses a novel Slabikářotcovského jazyka (A Primer of the Father Tongue) by Sylvie Richterová (who is, apart fromSoučková, Linhartová, Hodrová, and Hrabal, one of the authors discussed in a monograph ofwhich the present article is an excerpt). Richterová’s novel, which may be read as a radical reassessmentof the genre of autobiography, is considered in the article a fragmented space ofmemory, which provides an ambiguous ground for an attempt to integrate a discontinuous identity,an integration that can never be fully accomplished. The paper then argues that one’s identitycan never be grasped as a full and unmediated presence due to both the nature of languagebased on the mechanism of constant deferral (Derrida) and the nature of always already splitsubjectivity based on an essential and constitutive lack (Lacan). Given this crucial yet impossibletask of achieving one’s identity in its full presence, what the text does is to enact textuallythe process of inevitable, benign ‘failure’. Thus, rather than a simple proposition, a meaning ora function of the text resides in recording textual traces of this profoundly meaningful ‘failure’. Ultimately,the article argues, the subversive potential of women’s writing can paradoxically only residein a strategic staging and performance of its very own discursive and epistemological limitsin process, or, as Miroslav Petříček puts it, as a pragmatic contradiction, which means that atthe textual and stylistic level, the text performs the exact opposite of what it conveys at the levelof its proposition.
In her essay, the author deals with the traditional position of woman in Jewish society. Although woman’s life role may seem very restricted and insignificant, according to the tradition, Jewish woman is considered to be the pillar of the family and the key element in passing on the Jewish tradition to future generations. Women’s participation in religious life is limited, yet their main attention is almost exclusively directed towards family and child raising. their absence from religious rituals is perceived as a positive element which enables women to fully concentrate on their most important role of a mother. Jewish families are traditionally large. Among Jewish woman’s main tasks is the observance of family purification rules, preparation of kosher food, arrangements for family celebrations of Sabbath and festivals and child raising. Attention is also paid to the basic principles of matrimonial cohabitation, to the educational opportunities of Jewish women in the past, their charitable and associational activities and the most frequent ways of earning their living.