This study examines osteological remains from an urban Medieval settlement in Brno. Plots at Dominikánská and Kobližná streets and the organization of meat supplies in Brno city in the High Middle Ages were investigated. Evidence for 21 animal species was found with the dominant source of meat coming from cattle and the proportion of poultry increasing in the 15th century. The age structure of slaughter animals and anatomical composition corresponds to normal conditions in Czech, German and Polish territories. Development of the butchery trade could be linked with municipal cities. Butchers‘ guild in Brno took its statute in the 14th century and animals were slaughtered in dedicated slaughterhouses. Occasional fishing also took place. The meat was sold in established meat shops as well as specialised marketplaces., Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Rudolf Procházka, Zdeňka Sůvová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A major reform in the reign of Joseph II was the establishment in 1786 of the provincial building directorates, through which the court aimed to regulate all public building works in the monarchy. Although the original aim of unifying building regulations throughout the realm was never achieved, the reform was a success and remained in force, with a few minor amendments, until the revolutionary year of 1848. One reason for its success was the elite corps of civil engineers who staffed these institutions. This study looks at advances in technical education, especially engineering, in the Habsburg monarchy from the beginning of the 18th century and the emergence of the Collegia Nobilia, or elite colleges, where graduates were prepared for a career in the Imperial Army. Besides military architecture, the colleges also taught the fundamentals of civil engineering, turning out some of the best‐trained creators of early modern architecture. The development and nature of this elite engineering training is examined with reference to the engineering academies of Prague, Vienna and Olomouc. In all three cases we stress the colleges’ status within the state framework, and their evolution in the light of changing official doctrine and methods of instruction. In all three cases it is clear that during the latter half of the 18th century the original ‘aristocratic’ colleges began to decline and were slowly replaced by similar state‐controlled establishments. As a first step, the court of Joseph II introduced a specialized course in practical architecture at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. From around 1800 this model was gradually superseded by the progressive French‐style polytechnic, a modified version of which remains the standard model for technical education to this day., Michal Konečný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Thirteen deniers and obols from the 10th-12th centuries and one Roman coin were discovered at Staré zámky hillfort. The coins were from the time of Czech prince Boleslav II., king Vladislav II. and three Hungarian kings from the 11th and 12th centuries. The collection consists of several fake (imitation) deniers from the end of the 10th century. In addition, two weights were found within the hillfort-area. This article focuses on the 10th century coins. An increasing number of fake denier finds suggests that these coins were probably minted in Moravia by the locals., Jan Videman., Německé resumé., and Obsahuje seznam literatury