Five new species of Mulcticola Clay et Meinertzhagen, 1938 are described and illustrated from Brazil. These new species and their hosts are: Mulcticola sicki sp. n. from the sand-coloured nighthawk, Chordeiles rupestris rupestris (Spix), Mulcticola bacurau sp. n. from the common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis (Gmelin), Mulcticola tendeiroi sp. n. from the long-trained nightjar, Macropsalis forcipata (Nitzsch), Mulcticola piacentinii sp. n. from the short-tailed nighthawk, Lurocalis semitorquatus semitorquatus (Gmelin) (type-host) and L. s. nattereri (Temminck), and Mulcticola parvulus sp. n. from the little nightjar, Setopagis parvula (Gould). These species were compared primarily with Mulcticola nacunda Carriker, 1945 from the nacunda nighthawk, Chordeiles nacunda nacunda (Vieillot), which is one of the species of Mulcticola previously recorded in the Neotropical region. All the five new species described herein differ from their congeners by exclusive characters such as the shape of anterior dorsal head plate, metasternal plate, subvulvar plates in females and genitalia in males. We increased the number of species in Mulcticola to 18 in total, with seven of them now known from the Neotropics. We present the main morphological characters to distinguish Mulcticola from other species of the Philopteridae parasitising Caprimulgiformes and also compile a detailed catalogue for species included in this louse genus., Michel P. Valim, Kamila M. D. Kuabara., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Two new species of feather mites are described from nightjars (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae) of Brazil: Hartingiella neotropica sp. n. (Xolalgidae) described from Hydropsalis parvula (Gould) and Paragabucinia brasiliensis sp. n. (Gabuciniidae) from H. albicollis (Gmelin). The former differs from the type species by having, in males, the anterior projections on epimerites III towards setae 3b and the adanal shield bearing setae ps3 present; in both sexes, a pair of small sclerites situated posterior to setae se have flat suprategumental processes. Paragabucinia brasiliensis sp. n. differs from P. petitoti (Gaud et Mouchet, 1959) by the smaller size of the incisions in the internal margins of opisthosomal lobes of males. These mites are the first representatives of corresponding genera described from the Neotropical region. The genus Hartingiella Gaud, 1980 was previously known solely from its type species. Keys to males and females of the genus Paragabucinia Gaud et Atyeo, 1975 are presented. In addition, all previous records of feather mites associated with birds of the order Caprimulgiformes of the world are summarised.
The systematics of the genus Zabrus Clairville, 1806 is currently based on morphological characters that show a high degree of parallelism. The aim of this study is to find new characters in the female genitalia, which give a better understanding of the phylogeny of the genus and result in a new classification based on monophyletic taxa (subgenera and species groups). For this purpose slides of the whole female reproductive tract were studied under light microscopy and the gonocoxa IX under scanning microscopy. The study of species belonging to eight subgenera of Zabrus, and of twelve subgenera of its sister taxon Amara, shows that Zabrus is characterised by the lack of a spermatheca. This apomorphy is reported for the first time in carabids, and corroborates the monophyly of the genus in comparison to Amara. A villous canal that is intimately joined to the distal bursa copulatrix was found in both genera and in species of related tribes. This feature could be an apomorphy of the Harpalidae sensu Deuve (1988). However, only in Zabrus does the villous canal end in a long falciform head, which is probably another autapomorphy of the genus. It is postulated that the primitive bursa copulatrix of the genus was made up of a moderately inflated basal half and an elongated and simple distal half. This pattern is found in species of the subgenus Zabrus, which are widely distributed, and the subgenera Euryzabrus, Platyzabrus, and Epomidozabrus, which are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Extra lobules arising in the region where the two parts of the bursa meet, and cup-like infoldings of the distal bursa are possible apomorphic states that characterise the subgenera Pelor and Iberozabrus. Gonocoxite 2 does not have the strong and short spines found in species of related taxa. Differences in size and shape of both gonocoxites, distribution of setation and microtrichia, and presence of furrow "pegs" are characters of potential phylogenetic interest, which should be thoroughly investigated in other subgenera.
This article presents the partial research findings on financial instability as a risk factor for the recurrence of homelessness among families enrolled in a Housing First project in the City of Brno (Czech Republic). The project represents an evidence-based social innovation focused on ending families’ homelessness. The research was designed as a Randomised Controlled Trial study accompanied by a qualitative evaluation. The data were collected through questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus groups. In the results section we follow the logic of a financial stability model and conclude that research results on financial stability overall did not prove to be statistically significant on a short-term scale. In the discussion, we state that prolonged material poverty combined with the nature of the Czech housing benefit system and the experience of residential alienation could increase the risk of the recurrence of homelessness for families. A crisis financial fund was established in an effort to prevent this.
We present an overview of four approaches of the finite automata use in stringology: deterministic finite automaton, deterministic simulation of nondeterministic finite automaton, finite automaton as a model of computation, and compositions of finite automata solutions. We also show how the finite automata can process strings build over more complex alphabet than just single symbols (degenerate symbols, strings, variables).
The Frank orthogonal corrected ECG and its first derivation were recorded in 27 healthy volunteers (women aged 19-22 years) during normal ventilation at rest (control group), after voluntary hyperventilation lasting 75 seconds, and during hypoxic-hypercapnic ventilation (through the enlarged dead space) lasting 5 min. The projections of the magnitude and direction of the positive and negative QRS derivation maxima into the horizontal, frontal, left sagittal planes and their spatial distribution were constructed. The magnitude of the positive and negative QRS derivation maxima was significantly decreased during hypoxic-hypercapnic ventilation. A significant alteration in the direction only arose at the positive maximum during hypoxic-hypercapnic ventilation in the frontal plane. The intrinsicoid deflection was not significantly altered. The normal values of the maxima of the first QRS derivation in young healthy women are given. It is supposed that the decrease in amplitude of the maxima of the first QRS derivation is caused by slowed propagation of the depolarization wave under hypoxic- hypercapnic conditions and alteration of the direction of the positive maximum is caused by a greater participation of the right ventricle at the origin of the resulting QRS vector.
Babesiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease and various wildlife species are reservoir hosts for zoonotic species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence and prevalence of Babesia spp. in moose Alces alces (Linnaeus) in two regions of Norway. A total of 99 spleen samples were collected from animals of various ages from an area with the occurrence of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), and from an area where the ticks are known to be absent. Infection was detected by the amplification of different regions of the 18S rRNA gene by using two different PCR primer sets specific of Babesia. Babesia spp. were found in the spleen samples of four moose. All Babesia-infected animals were from an area where ticks occur, with an infection rate of 6% (4 of 70). Babesia-positive samples were obtained from a five-month old moose calf and three adults. Two Babesia species, Babesia capreoli (Enigk et Friedhoff, 1962) and a B. odocoilei-like, were identified. Co-infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum was obtained in two animals. This is the first report of the occurrence of B. capreoli and B. odocoilei-like species in moose., Irma Pūraitė, Olav Rosef, Jana Radzijevskaja, Indrė Lipatova, Algimantas Paulauskas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this paper, we have investigated some properties of the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of a bicyclic graph with boundary condition. These results can be used to characterize the extremal bicyclic graphs with the smallest first Dirichlet eigenvalue among all the bicyclic graphs with a given graphic bicyclic degree sequence with minor conditions. Moreover, the extremal bicyclic graphs with the smallest first Dirichlet eigenvalue among all the bicycle graphs with fixed $k$ interior vertices of degree at least 3 are obtained.
Soricimyxum fegati gen. et sp. n. is a new myxosporean (Myxozoa) species discovered in the liver of shrews, Sorex araneus L., collected in the Bialowieza primeval forest (Poland). Both developmental stages and mature spores were found during a histological study. The infection had about 40% prevalence at the investigated locality. Plasmodia were polysporic. Elongated plasmodia with an average size of 30 by 8 µm occupied bile ducts and larger rounded plasmodia up to 80 µm in diameter were found in liver parenchyma where they most probably entered after the ducts had been destructed. Plasmodia in both locations elicited a vigorous inflammatory reaction. Spores were of an ovoid shape, 7 µm long, 5.4 µm wide and about 3.5 µm thick. They had two shell valves and two equal polar capsules, located in opposite ends of the spore.