The aim of this prospective study was the validation of the risk stratification of thyroid nodules using ultrasonography with the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) and partly in comparison to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines in a secondary referral center. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) (n=605) and histological examinations (n=63) were the reference standards for the statistical analysis. ACR TI-RADS cut-off value: TR4 with sensitivity 85.7 %, specificity 54.1 %, PPV 58.5 %, accuracy 67.7 % (AUC 0.738; p<0.001). ATA cut-off value: “high suspicion” with sensitivity 80 %, specificity 83.3 %, PPV 80 %, accuracy 81.8 % (AUC 0.800; p=0.0025). 18.4 % nodules (3 malignant) could not be assigned to a proper ATA US pattern group (p<0.0001). Both ACR TI-RADS and ATA have allowed fair selection of nodules requiring FNA with superiority of ACR TI-RADS according to classification of all thyroid nodules to the proper group. According to ACR TI-RADS almost one third of the patients were incorrectly classified with 17.9 % missed thyroid carcinomas, exclusively micropapillary carcinomas, even though, the amount of FNA would be reduced to 48 %., Tereza Grimmichová, Petra Pačesová, Libuše Srbová, Jana Vrbíková, Terezia Havrdová, Martin Hill., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Endemic Sicilian pond turtles Emys trinacris Fritz, Fattizzo, Guicking, Tripepi, Pennisi, Lenk, Joger et Wink were examined for the presence of haemogregarine parasites. The presence of haemogregarines, occurring mainly in the microgametocyte stage (13.2 ± 0.12 μm in length and 6.4 ± 0.52 μm in width), was observed in approximately 9% of the sampled E. trinacris. Based on the observed morphology and on the sequencing of nuclear 18S rDNA, we identified the parasite as Haemogregarina stepanowi Danilewsky, 1885. Morphometric study of uninfected and infected red blood cells has shown that H. stepanowi induces different changes in erythrocyte shape depending on the infective stage. The differential count of leukocytes in specimens infected with H. stepanowi showed no significant difference compared with healthy specimens. However, considering the health problems which might be induced by H. stepanowi in the closely related European pond turtle Emys orbicularis (Linneaus), monitoring of the health status of the infected Sicilian populations of E. trinacris is desirable. The restricted distribution of populations of Emys infected with haemogregarines in Sicily is quite puzzling and the possible human-mediated introduction of the parasite in Sicily is briefly discussed., Vincenzo Arizza, Francesco Sacco, Debora Russo, Rita Scardino, Marco Arculeo, Melita Vamberger, Federico Marrone., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Daśaharā in Bastar/Jagdalpur has nothing to do with the Rāmāya‚a or the Devīmāhātmya, as elsewhere in India. Here, Danteśvarī, the tutelary goddess of the erstwhile royal family, is at the centre of the festival. Invited by the royal family, goddess Danteśvarī arrives from Dantewā`ā, the former capital of Bastar; many village goddesses of the tribal environment also attend. Smaller or larger silver umbrellas are used to represent the goddesses. Some wooden frames (ā‚gās) are used to represent male gods. The climax of the festival is reached, when Danteśvarī, the guest of honor, arrives together with Māvlī, the tutelary goddess of the earlier dynasty, who is represented by a type of palanquin (`oli). One of the most outstanding features of the festival is the procession of two big wooden chariots, constructed by different groups of divāsis and pulled around a certain quarter of the city by other groups, according to a fixed tradition. In the past, the festival served as the annual means of re-endorsing royal power. Since 1999 the grand-nephew of the last Mahārāja of Bastar has again taken over most of the ritual functions.
Let $X$ be a Banach space with the Grothendieck property, $Y$ a reflexive Banach space, and let $X\check{\otimes}_{\varepsilon} Y$ be the injective tensor product of $X$ and $Y$. \item {(a)} If either $X^{\ast \ast }$ or $Y$ has the approximation property and each continuous linear operator from $X^\ast $ to $Y$ is compact, then $X\check{\otimes}_{\varepsilon} Y$ has the Grothendieck property. \item {(b)} In addition, if $Y$ has an unconditional finite dimensional decomposition, then $X\check{\otimes}_{\varepsilon} Y$ has the Grothendieck property if and only if each continuous linear operator from $X^\ast $ to $Y$ is compact.
Let $\mathcal {N}=N_n(R)$ be the algebra of all $n\times n$ strictly upper triangular matrices over a unital commutative ring $R$. A map $\varphi $ on $\mathcal {N}$ is called preserving commutativity in both directions if $xy=yx\Leftrightarrow \varphi (x)\varphi (y)=\varphi (y)\varphi (x)$. In this paper, we prove that each invertible linear map on $\mathcal {N}$ preserving commutativity in both directions is exactly a quasi-automorphism of $\mathcal {N}$, and a quasi-automorphism of $\mathcal {N}$ can be decomposed into the product of several standard maps, which extains the main result of Y. Cao, Z. Chen and C. Huang (2002) from fields to rings.
Let Ln = K[x1±1,..., xn±1] be a Laurent polynomial algebra over a field K of characteristic zero, Wn:= DerK(Ln) the Lie algebra of K-derivations of the algebra Ln, the so-called Witt Lie algebra, and let Vir be the Virasoro Lie algebra which is a 1-dimensional central extension of the Witt Lie algebra. The Lie algebras Wn and Vir are infinite dimen- sional Lie algebras. We prove that the following isomorphisms of the groups of Lie algebra automorphisms hold: AutLie(Vir) \simeq AutLie(W1) \simeq {±1} \simeq K*, and give a short proof that AutLie(Wn) \simeq AutK-alg(Ln) \simeq GLn(Z) \ltimes K*n., Vladimir V. Bavula., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In the paper we obtain that, under some condition, the Rademacher-Dirichlet series or the Steinhaus-Dirichlet series on the whole plane and on the horizontal zone almost surely have the same growth.
We define Knopp-Kojima maximum modulus and the Knopp-Kojima maximum term of Dirichlet series on the right half plane by the method of Knopp-Kojima, and discuss the relation between them. Then we discuss the relation between the Knopp-Kojima coefficients of Dirichlet series and its Knopp-Kojima order defined by Knopp-Kojima maximum modulus. Finally, using the above results, we obtain a relation between the coefficients of the Dirichlet series and its Ritt order. This improves one of Yu Jia-Rong's results, published in Acta Mathematica Sinica 21 (1978), 97–118. We also give two examples to show that the condition under which the main result holds can not be weakened.
The subsocial bug Elasmucha dorsalis lays egg masses on the underside of the leaves of female plants of Aruncus dioicus. Each bug straddles her eggs and shields her offspring with her body, until they moult to the 2nd instar. Females that: attended aggregations of 2nd and later instar nymphs feeding on fruit of inflorescences often settled close to the basal part of or just below the aggregation, and faced towards the base of the inflorescence. The nymphal aggregations often Seemed to be too large for females to guard effectively. The position and orientation of females attending 2nd or later instar nymphs probably enabled them to detect predators walking towards the nymphs.
It is well known that the training level of a muscle belongs to the parameters that affect the H-reflex response amplitude. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training type on H- and T-reflex response parameters. For this purpose, 20 long-distance athletes (group I, test group), 18 short-distance athletes (group II, test group) and 20 non-trained subjects (group III, control group) were involved in this study in which the H- and T-reflex amplitude and latency values were measured. The H-reflex amplitude and latency values found in groups I, II and III were 3.64±0.28 mV and 26.88±1.45 ms, 3.17±0.26 mV and 26.19±1.89 ms, and 6.07±0.34 mV and 26.77±1.32 ms, respectively. The T-reflex amplitude and latency values of the groups I, II and III were 3.30±0.18 mV and 32.01±1.02 ms, 3.11±0.20 mV and 31.47±1.16 ms, 4.24±0.21 mV and 31.47±1.16 ms, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to latencies of H- and T-reflexes (p>0.05). In both test groups, the amplitudes of the H-reflex and T-reflex were significantly smaller than the control group (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that training of muscles affect the H- and T-reflex response parameters., R. Ozmerdivenli, S. Bulut, T. Urat, A. Ayar., and Obsahuje bibliografii