Presented here are the results of research on spatial organisation among hares originating from enclosure-type rearing but released into a natural environment for them. The fates of the 60 animals were traced by radiotelemetry in the course of four successive years of research. The mean annual home range size was found to be 1.68 km 2 in males, significantly greater than that noted for females (0.43 km 2). Similar relationships were observed in the case of seasonal ranges. The mean distance of movements noted for hares between successive radio-locations in the first month after release (at 239 m) was significantly greater than that noted for the second month (103 m) or the third (116 m). The mean distance of movement within individual annual home range for the males hares was 335 m and was significantly greater than that for females (226 m). Similar findings were obtained for seasonal ranges.
Annulotrematoides bryconi sp. n. is described and illustrated from specimens collected from gills of characiform fish, Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869), in pisciculture ponds from Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. Diagnostic characters of the new species are the tegument of trunk showing annulations, except on the cephalic regiona, and copulatory complex comprising sclerotized male copulatory organ coiled in 11/2 rings. This is the first record of monogeneans parasitic on the gills of B. cephalus.
Cestodes of the family Anoplocephalidae Cholodkovsky, 1902, in their adult form, parasitize a variety of hosts, including reptiles, birds and mammals. To complete their life cycle, an intermediate host is required. This study gives a critical review of the life cycles of genera principally important to veterinary medicine (but sporadically infecting man): Anoplocephalinae (Anoplocephala, Anoplocephaloides, Bertiella and Monieziu) and Thysanosomatinae (Avitellina, Stilesia, Thysaniezia and Thysu-nosomu), using data reported by others and our own observations. The accepted paradigm on the biology of the anoplocephalid cestodes is that oribatid mites (Acarina) serve as intermediate hosts. However, as regards the genera Avitellina, Thysaniezia and Thysanosoma, it is still unclear whether oribatid mites are indeed the intermediate hosts, as larval forms (cysticercoids) have also been found in collcmbolans and psocids. Using the controversial biological cycle of Thysanosoma actinioides (Diesing, 1834), a theoretical methodological research proposal for parasitology was constructed which attempts to define a conceptional mark enabling us to predict and explain the parasite-hosts’ related phenomenon. Aspects of this proposal are discussed using the biology of the cestodes of family Anoplocephalidae, as examples.