At the south western border of its extensive distribution, the multivoltine large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L., is exceptional in undergoing summer diapause or aestivation. In all other regions investigated, P. brassicae pupae only hibernate. The transitional zone from non-aestivating to aestivating populations is a geographically stable region south of the Pyrenees. The restriction of this response to this region cannot be accounted for in terms of genetics as aestivation is intermediately inherited, with the heritability (h2) of aestivation in inbreeding lines between 0.35 and 0.77. Two hypotheses are presented to explain why this species does not aestivate in more northern regions. First, aestivation is a behaviour that serves to synchronize generations in areas where this species produces a high number of generations per year. Second, aestivation reduces the incidence of parasitism suffered by the butterfly by desynchronizing its life cycle from that of its main parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata. The two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and both seem to be adaptive where the species is multivoltine. and Hubert R. Spieth, Ulrich Pörschmann, Carola Teiwes.
This article transcribes, translates, analyzes, and identifies a set of seventeen poems and songs collected in the 1830s by the pioneering Orientalist and folklorist Aleksander Chodźko, who published the songs using Perso-Arabic characters. The verses are the oldest known documents in the Māzandarāni language, also known as New or Modern Tabari, which has some three million speakers in the Persian province of Māzandarān, located south of the Caspian Sea. The texts were collected from various locations in Māzandarān and hence represent more than one dialect of New Tabari. Linguistic analysis shows that Tabari has not undergone fundamental change in the last two centuries, though certain words and grammatical traits have already ceased to be used in the language. While comparing the texts with other surviving Tabari documents from the 19th Century does yield some answers, a number of questions remain.
In this paper, we discuss the properties of limit sets of subsets and attractors in a compact metric space. It is shown that the $\omega $-limit set $\omega (Y)$ of $Y$ is the limit point of the sequence $\lbrace (\mathop {\mathrm Cl}Y)\cdot [i,\infty )\rbrace _{i=1}^{\infty }$ in $2^X$ and also a quasi-attractor is the limit point of attractors with respect to the Hausdorff metric. It is shown that if a component of an attractor is not an attractor, then it must be a real quasi-attractor.
The importance of the institution of family in housing practices has deep historical roots in Greece, and families tend to follow certain housing strategies such as late emancipation from the parental home, intergenerational house transfers and financial support for housing. Providing and maintaining a housing solution for young members is one of the top worries in this geographical region, and it is relieved via intergenerational micro-solidarities. Moreover, today’s crisis and austerity are threatening, through indirect budgetary cuts and rising taxation, the housing well-being of the citizenry which is supported only by family welfare. Nonetheless, the family still constitutes the main shock absorber of social and economic turbulence, but at what price?
We establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which the linear span of positive AM-compact operators (in the sense of Fremlin) from a Banach lattice $E$ into a Banach lattice $F$ is an order $\sigma $-complete vector lattice.
By a commutative term we mean an element of the free commutative groupoid $F$ of infinite rank. For two commutative terms $a$, $b$ write $a\le b$ if $b$ contains a subterm that is a substitution instance of $a$. With respect to this relation, $F$ is a quasiordered set which becomes an ordered set after the appropriate factorization. We study definability in this ordered set. Among other things, we prove that every commutative term (or its block in the factor) is a definable element. Consequently, the ordered set has no automorphisms except the identity.
Nearly 60 years has elapsed since the first isolation and identification of 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, and in that time much information has been gained on its occurrence, metabolism, ontogeny, immunomodulatory activity, cell proliferation, cortisol control in local tissues and neuroactivity. Additional knowledge about this steroid may elucidate its role in obesity, neurodegenerative disturbances such as Alzheimer’s disease, or psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the available literature on 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone., L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii