Cieľom prehľadového článku je zdôrazniť najnovšie trendy v chirurgickom tréningu nielen v odbore gynekológia a pôrodníctvo, ale vo všetkých operačných špecializáciách. Bezpečnosť pacientov musí byť najvyššia priorita. V súčasnosti sa kladie veľký dôraz na využívanie simulátorov a na mentálny tréning. Gynekologickí operatéri v 21. storočí by mali ovládať klasickú, vaginálnu, laparoskopickú a robotickú operatívu. Vypracovaný systém vzdelávania v centrách s veľkým počtom operácií a pozitívna pracovná atmosféra sú zásadné faktory v priebehu tréningu., The aim of the review article is to point out the latest trends in the surgical training not only in gynecology and obstetrics but also in all surgical specialties. The safety of the patients must be the highest priority. One of the important areas is the utilization of simulation and mental training in the surgical education. The gynecologic surgeons in the 21st century should be able to perform open, vaginal, laparoscopic and robotic surgical procedures. The established system of education in the high volume centres and positive working climate are crucial factors during surgical training., Miloš Mlynček, and Lit.: 38
To increase the computing speed of neural networks by means of parallel performance, a new mode of neural network, named Tri-state Cascading Pulse Coupled Neural Network (TCPCNN), is presented in this paper, which takes the ideas of three-state and pipelining used in circuit designing into neural network, and creates new neuron with three states: sub-firing, firing and inhibition. The proposed model can transmit signals in parallel way, as it is inspired not only in the direction of auto-wave propagation but also in its transverse direction in neural network. In this paper, TCPCNN is applied to find the shortest path, and the experimental results indicate that the algorithm has lower computational complexity, higher accuracy, and secured full-scale searching. Furthermore, it has little dependence on initial conditions and parameters. The algorithm is tested by some experiments, and its results are compared with some other classical algorithms --- Dijkstra algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm and a new algorithm using pulse coupled neural networks.
We show that each element in the semigroup $S_n$ of all $n \times n$ non-singular upper (or lower) triangular stochastic matrices is generated by the infinitesimal elements of $S_n$, which form a cone consisting of all $n \times n$ upper (or lower) triangular intensity matrices.
Our previous research was devoted to the problem of determining the primitive periods of the sequences (Gn mod p t )∞ n=1 where (Gn)∞ n=1 is a Tribonacci sequence defined by an arbitrary triple of integers. The solution to this problem was found for the case of powers of an arbitrary prime p ≠ 2, 11. In this paper, which could be seen as a completion of our preceding investigation, we find solution for the case of singular primes p = 2, 11.
Our research was inspired by the relations between the primitive periods of sequences obtained by reducing Tribonacci sequence by a given prime modulus p and by its powers p t , which were deduced by M. E. Waddill. In this paper we derive similar results for the case of a Tribonacci sequence that starts with an arbitrary triple of integers.
Pigeon, doves and songbirds are hosts of the parasite Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878), which causes avian trichomonosis. Raptors are infected when they digest infected prey. A high percentage of the diet of Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus) is comprised of birds. During the breeding season 2012 and 2013, we clinically tested 298 nestling Eurasian sparrowhawks from urban and rural areas of the Czech Republic for the presence of trichomonads. Sparrowhawk nestlings in the urban area were more infected (32.9%) than in the rural area (12.2%) in 2012 (χ2 = 6.184, P = 0.045). The number of infected nestlings dropped in the urban area (5.4%) and remained similar in the rural area (16.6%) in 2013. Sequences of ITS region and SSU rDNA confirmed that the isolates from infected sparrowhawk nestlings belonged to Trichomonas gallinae., Tomáš Kunca, Pavla Smejkalová, Ivan Čepička., and Obsahuje bibliografii