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16662. Videothorakoskopické odstranění mediastinálně uloženého adenomu příštítného tělíska při primární hyperparathyreóze
- Creator:
- Libánský, Petr, Broulík, Petr, Fialová, Martina, Kubinyi, Jozef, Lischke, Robert, Táborská, Kateřina, Tvrdoň, Jiří, Šedý, Jiří, and Adámek, Svatopluk
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- video-asistovaná chirurgie--metody, torakoskopie--metody--využití, mediastinum--chirurgie, nádory příštítného tělíska--chirurgie, adenom--chirurgie, primární hyperparatyreóza--chirurgie, minimálně invazivní chirurgické výkony, výsledek terapie, staří, lidé, and mužské pohlaví
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Primární hyperparathyreóza je onemocnění způsobené nadměrnou sekrecí parathormonu z příštítných tělísek. Po stanovení diagnózy endokrinologem záleží úspěch operačního řešení zejména na zkušenosti chirurga. Zvláštní skupinu tvoří ektopická lokalizace patologicky zvětšeného příštítného tělíska v mediastinu, která vyžaduje modifikaci operačního přístupu. Při hlubokém uložení adenomu v mediastinu je indikována sternotomie či thorakotomie, anebo je lze nahradit metodou miniinvazivní – videothorakoskopickou thymektomií. Kazuistika: Předmětem sdělení je kazuistika pacienta, který měl normokalcemickou recidivující primární hyperparathyreózu a podstoupil miniinvazivní videoasistovanou thymektomii po scintigrafickém potvrzení uložení adenomu příštítného tělíska v mediastinu. Závěr: Odstranění adenomu příštítného tělíska z mediastina metodou videothorakoskopickou je metoda bezpečná. Tato metoda oproti sternotomiím zlepšuje pooperační průběh, zkracuje dobu hospitalizace a přináší větší komfort pro pacienta. Doporučujeme zvážit tuto videothorakoskopickou metodu v případě uložení patologicky zvětšeného příštítného tělíska v dolním a předním mediastinu., Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease caused by elevated secretion of parathyroid hormone from pathological parathyroid glands. After the diagnosis, the success of its surgical solution depends predominantly on surgical management and experience of the surgeons. A special group is formed by ectopic localizations of pathologically enlarged parathyroid glands in the mediastinum, which require a modified surgical approach. When the adenoma is deep in the mediastinum, sternotomy or thoracotomy is indicated; alternatively, a minimally invasive approach can be used – videothoracoscopic thymectomy. Case report: We present a case of a patient with normocalcemic recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. This patient underwent a minimally invasive video-assisted thymectomy after scintigraphic confirmation of parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum. Conclusion: The removal of parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum using the videothoracoscopic method is safe. Compared to sternotomy, this method improves the postoperative period, reduces the length of stay and provides more comfort to patients. We recommend considering the videothoracoscopic method in cases where the pathologically enlarged parathyroid gland is localized in the inferior and anterior mediastinum., and P. Libánský, P. Broulík, M. Fialová, J. Kubinyi, R. Lischke, D. Táborská i.e. [K.] , J. Tvrdoň, J. Šedý, S. Adámek
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16663. Vigilance and hypnagogium determination of drivers by EEG analysis
- Creator:
- Faber, Josef and Tichý , Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- flat EEG curves, attention, vigilance, microsleep, mental activity, and EEG harmonic and coherence analyses
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- EEG activities with open eyes in a quiet state (OA), during the pseudo-Raven's test (PRA), in hypnagogic state (HYP) and in the course of REM sleep (REM) are characteristic by nearly flat curves. We observed the states with eyes closed (OC), with hyperventilation (HV), during mental activity of calculation (CAL) and in NONREM 1 sleep (NR 1). 24 tested persons (probands) were investigated. We have found 8 typical states of EEG signals, which all have relation to attention and mental activity. Consequently, the EEG analysis can help in the differentiation between the above eight states. Using similar analyses, it is possible to discriminate all stages of NONREM and REM sleep without polysomnography.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16664. Vigilance classification based on EEG analysis
- Creator:
- Tatarinov, Vladimír
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Discrete Fourier Transform, neural networks, parametric methods, electroencephalogram (EEG), micro-sleep detection, attention decrease, classification, and recognition
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Decrease of attention and an possible micro-sleep of an artificial system operator is very dangerous and its early detection can prevent great losses. This article deals with a classification of States of vigilance based on the analysis of an electroencefalographic activity of the brain. Preprocessing of data is done by the Discrete Fourier Transform. For the recognition radial basis functions (RBF), a k-nearest neighbor and a method based on the Bayesian theory is used. Its coefficients are found using the maximum likelihood estimation. An experiment with recognition of 6 States of vigilance created according to reaction time is performed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16665. Vím, že vím, aneb: Testy s mírou jistoty pro hodnocení znalostí studentů zdravotnických oborů
- Creator:
- Blanař, Vít and Pospíchal, Jan
- Format:
- electronic, electronic resource, and remote
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Východiska: Předkládaný způsob hodnocení počítačových testů vychází z potřeby snížit riziko tipování správných odpovědí při testování velkého množství studentů zdravotnických oborů. Systém vede studenty k uvědomování si svých chyb a odečítá body za neuvědomělé chyby. Cíl: Porovnat vhodnost metody testu s mírou jistoty oproti testu bez korekce tipování při hodnocení znalostí studentů zdravotnických oborů. Metody: Znalostní test průběžného hodnocení látky z anatomie podstoupilo 150 studentů. Jednalo se o počí- tačem hodnocených 40 dichotomických úloh s korekcí na hádání pomocí míry jistoty. Výsledky byly přepo- čítány na korekci pomocí odečtu bodu a na výsledky bez korekce. Výsledky: Průměrná hodnota obtížnosti testových položek Q dosahovala hodnoty 22,3. Přesto s korekcí výsledku pomocí míry jistoty byl medián 49,2 % z požadovaných 70 %. Bez korekce byl medián výsledku testu 77,5 %. Závěry: Hodnocení pomocí míry jistoty se zdá být ke studentům příliš přísné, avšak jestliže by studenti testovanou látku skutečně dobře ovládali, byli by úspěšní. Velkým přínosem oproti jiným korekčním mechanismům na hádání je větší stratifikace výsledků podle míry neuvědomělých chyb a otipovaných odpovědí., Background: The presented method of evaluating computer tests is based on the requisite to reduce the risk of guessing the correct answers while testing a large number of Healthcare students. The system guides students to realize their own mistakes and deducts points for their mistakes made unconsciously. Aim: To compare the suitability of a method dealing with the certainty based marking tests in contrast to the tests without correction of guessing the correct answers while marking the knowledge of students of health studies. Methods: 150 students undertook a test evaluating their level of knowledge from anatomy which is taken on regular basis. This test had a form of 40 computer evaluated dichotomous tasks with the correction of guessing the correct answers with a degree of certainty. The results were recalculated for correction using a negative marking and for results without correction. Results: The average value of the difficulty of test items Q reached the level of 22.3. Yet corrected using the degree of certainty the outcome median was 49.2% of the required 70%. Without corrections the median was 77.5%. Conclusion: This evaluation using the degree of certainty seems to be too strict for the students, however if the students actually had the required knowledge, they would have been more successful. A great benefit compared to other correction mechanisms designed for guessing is greater stratification of the results according to the number of mistakes made unconsciously and guessed answers., Vít Blanař, Jan Pospíchal, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16666. Vindobonella leopoldina gen. n., sp. n. from Austria (Protura: Acerentomidae s. l.)
- Creator:
- Szeptycki, Andrzej and Christian, Erhard
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Protura, Acerentomidae, new genus, new species, taxonomy, and Central Europe
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new genus, Vindobonella gen. n. (Acerentomidae s. l.), and a new species, Vindobonella leopoldina sp. n., are described from Vienna. The new genus belongs to a group characterized by a reduced labial palp and a non-modified striate band on abdominal segment VIII.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16667. Vinokurov N.N. & Kanyukova E.V.: Poluzhestkokrylye Nasekomye (Heteroptera) Sibiri (Heteroptera of Siberia)
- Creator:
- Štys, P.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16668. Viola elatior, V. pumila and V. stagnina in Austria, czechia and Slovakia
- Creator:
- Danihelka, Jiří, Niklfeld, Herald, and Šípošová, Helena
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- changes in frequency, conservation, herbarium, phytogeography, rare species, temporal dynamics, and Violaceae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Specimens of Viola elatior (VE), V. pumila (VP) and V. stagnina (VS) in 40 Austrian, Czech and Slovak public herbaria were revised, a total of almost 1750 specimens from the three countries. Apart from VE, the quality of the original identifications was rather poor, especially of VS, which was frequently confused with VP and V. canina. This, together with the confusion of nomenclature that persisted during the 19th century, made the old literature records unreliable. Hybrids are usually difficult to identify and are rarer than generally believed. VS and VP have similar distribution patterns: they occur mainly on floodplains of large lowland rivers and in adjacent hills in the N part of Bohemia, S and Central Moravia, E Austria and S Slovakia; they may be classified as river corridor plants. VS differs from VE and VP mainly by its presence in S Bohemia and its absence from large parts of S Slovakia, as well as its rarity in Austria and Slovakia. All three species grow predominantly in regions with a relatively warm and dry climate: most localities are situated in regions with a mean annual temperature of 7–11 °C and mean annual precipitation 401–700 mm. A temporal analysis of records revealed that all three species are declining in all three countries: generally, this decline is weakest in Austria, with 46–61% of grid cells with occurrences confirmed after 1980 (compared with the number of grid cells with records for 1801–2008), and strongest in Slovakia, with 18–32% of grid cells with occurrences confirmed after 1980. The decline is due mainly to the canalization of rivers and subsequent changes in land use, urbanization and recently afforestation. VE may also be endangered by modern forestry practices. The inclusion of all three species in national Red Lists and subsequent conservation measures are justified and necessary, though national Red List status may differ between countries.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
16669. Violations of the Ingleton inequality and revising the four-atom conjecture
- Creator:
- Boston, Nigel and Nan, Ting-Ting
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- kybernetika, cybernetics, information inequalities, entropy vectors, subgroup indices, 23, and 007
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The entropy region is a fundamental object of study in mathematics, statistics, and information theory. On the one hand, it involves pure group theory, governing inequalities satisfied by subgroup indices, whereas on the other hand, computing network coding capacities amounts to a convex optimization over this region. In the case of four random variables, the points in the region that satisfy the Ingleton inequality (corresponding to abelian groups and to linear network codes) form a well-understood polyhedron, and so attention has turned to Ingleton-violating points in the region. How far these points extend is measured by their Ingleton score, where points with positive score are Ingleton-violating. The Four-Atom Conjecture stated that the Ingleton score cannot exceed 0.089373, but this was disproved by Matúš and Csirmaz. In this paper we employ two methods to investigate Ingleton-violating points and thereby produce the currently largest known Ingleton scores. First, we obtain many Ingleton-violating examples from non-abelian groups. Factorizability appears in many of those and is used to propose a systematic way to produce more. Second, we rephrase the problem of maximizing Ingleton score as an optimization question and introduce a new Ingleton score function, which is a limit of Ingleton scores with maximum unchanged. We use group theory to exploit symmetry in these new Ingleton score functions and the relations between them. Our approach yields some large Ingleton scores and, using this methodology, we find that there are entropic points with score 0.09250007770, currently the largest known score., Nigel Boston and Ting-Ting Nan., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16670. Violinkonzert E moll, op. 64
- Creator:
- Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix
- Publisher:
- Philharmonia
- Format:
- hudebnina and 1 partitura (88 s.) : 1 obr. ; 19 cm
- Type:
- notated music, sheetmusic, model:sheetmusic, and TEXT
- Subject:
- kapesní partitury, housle (1), koncerty pro housle, partitury, and symfonický orchestr
- Language:
- English, French, and German
- Description:
- Durata: 25 min.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public