In this paper, for complete Riemannian manifolds with radial Ricci or sectional curvature bounded from below or above, respectively, with respect to some point, we prove several volume comparison theorems, which can be seen as extensions of already existing results. In fact, under this radial curvature assumption, the model space is the spherically symmetric manifold, which is also called the generalized space form, determined by the bound of the radial curvature, and moreover, volume comparisons are made between annulus or geodesic balls on the original manifold and those on the model space., Jing Mao., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Cíl: Cílem naší práce bylo rozšířit a zobecnit výsledky resekcí inzulárních gliomů. Navazujeme na náš pilotní již publikovaný soubor (2009 – osm pacientů), jenž jsme rozšířili na 20 operací. <p align="">Soubor a metodika: V období 2007–2013 jsme provedli 20 operací gliomů se signifikantním objemem nádoru v inzule. Operace byly prováděny v celkové anestezii při monitorování motorických evokovaných potenciálů. Radikalita operací byla hodnocena pomocí manuální počítačové volumetrie prostřednictvím software StealthDTI (Medtronic, Minneaopolis, USA). <p align="">Výsledky: U jedné pacientky po resekci multiformního glioblastomu došlo po operaci k prokrvácení rezidua s následnou hemiplegií, míra závažných komplikací činí 5 %. Během 19 operací jsme dosáhli průměrné 83% radikality resekce (43–100 %). V průběhu 15 operací neenhancujících nádorů (LGG a AA) jsme dosáhli v T2 vážení průměrné 80% redukce objemu nádoru. <p align="">Závěr: Gliomy inzulární oblasti jsou indikovány k chirurgickému odstranění za podobných indikačních kritérií jako gliomy v jiných oblastech mozku. Nezbytná je detailní znalost anatomie inzulární oblasti včetně schopnosti manipulace s vitálními cévními strukturami., Aim: We present the results of surgical resection in a group of patients with insular gliomas, we refer to our pilot study (2009 – eight patients) and include 20 surgeries performed until 2013. <p align="">Groups and methods: From 2007 to 2013 we performed 20 surgeries for gliomas with a significant invasion of the insular region; all the surgeries were conducted under general anaesthesia with motor evoked potential monitoring. The extent of resection was evaluated by means of manual computerized volumetry (software Stealth DTI, Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA). <p align="">Results: In one patient after glioblastoma multiforme resection, we observed postoperative hematoma in the tumour remnant with consequent hemiplegia, the rate of major complications was 5%. The mean extent of resection in 19 surgeries was 83% (43–100%). In 15 non-enhancing tumours (LGG and AA), we obtained the mean tumour volumetric reduction of 80%. <p align="">Conclusions: The same indication criteria for surgical resection apply to insular gliomas as to gliomas in other regions. Detailed knowledge of insular anatomy, including ability to handle vital vascular structures, is necessary for performing insular surgery with good results., and R. Bartoš, A. Malucelli, T. Radovnický, A. Hejčl, J. Ceé, P. Bartoš, M. Sameš
Voluntary death, particularly when caused by oneself, defies easy understanding. The individual´s life carries immense value in the West and therefore a rather negative attitude toward death predominates. The attitudes towards death found in Confucianism, Buddhism and Shintó are substabtually different - the death of an individual is seen as a natural part of human life. The manner or style of leaving the world is, however, very important since it validates the life that preceded the event. This article focuses of the problem of voluntary death in Japan. It analyzes the Japanese expressions that specify various types of self-killing and deals with traditional religious and social factors that influence atttudes to self-sacrifice and suicide.