Waldenstrómova makroglobulinemie je maligní B-lymfoproliferativní onemocněni. Patří těž do skupiny tzv. monoklonálních gamapatií (paraproteinemií, plazmocelulárnich dyskrazií). Jejich typickým znakem je nadměrná, tedy patologická tvorba imunoglobulinu jedním klonem plazmatických buněk. Kromě doporučených léčebných postupů uvádíme i nové poznatky o terapii této relativně vzácné, nicméně v poslední době stále častěji diagnostikované choroby., Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia is a maUgnant B-lymphoproliferative disease. It is a model of immunopathological disease in the old age and it falls into the group of monoclonal gammapathy (paraproteinemia). The typical feature of these diseases is an excessive and pathological production of immunoglobulin by one clone of plasmatic cells. Besides recommended therapeutic methods we quote new informations about treatment of this comparatively rare, but more often diagnosed disease during the recent period., Jan Klán, Eva Topinková, Dagmar Pelíšková, Lit: 19, and Souhrn: eng
Antikoagulační léčba warfarinem a dalšími deriváty dikumarolu vykazuje významnou interindividuální i intraindividuální variabilitu. Potřebná dávka warfarinu z velké části závisí i na vrozených dispozicích každého jedince. Dávku prokazatelně ovlivňují genetické varianty cytochromu P450 2C9 (CYPP2C9) a reduktázy epoxidu vitaminu K (VKORC1). Ovlivnění dalšími polymorfi smy je předmětem výzkumu. Zdá se, že zahrnutí výsledků genetického testování do algoritmů pro výpočet potřebné úvodní dávky warfarinu by mohlo být přínosem. Podobně znalost polymorfi smů může upozornit na pacienty s vysokým rizikem předávkování a tím i krvácivých komplikací. Dosud to však není jednoznačně prokázané., Sensitivity to anticoagulation treatment by warfarin shows a wide inter-individual and intra-individual variability. The proper warfarin dose also depends largely on inherited predispositions. The dose is signifi cantly infl uenced by genetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYPP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1). Other possible polymorphism effects are under investigation. It seems that including genetic testing into algorithms for calculating of the required warfarin dose could be benefi cial. Similarly, knowledge of polymorphisms could alert us to patients with a high risk of overdosing and bleeding complication. If there is a benefi t of genetic testing remains controversial till now., Matýšková M., Čech Z., and Lit.: 35
This article deals with the Hindu cosmological imagery of water as presented in the Indian novel in English. The writers show a great interest in water as a means of depicting a transformation and/or re-birth of both the Indian society and the individuals in it relying on the water as symbolizing a beginning of a new life/identity in the Hindu cosmology. This is rendered vividly, for example, through the Nārada and Mārkandeya myths, where the two sages, after a passage through water, experience a new identity or a world perception totally different from that known to them before. R. K. Narayan, an author who lived all his life in India, deals in his novel The English Teacher with the spiritual transformation of the main character, Krishnan, which is accompanied and accomplished by different entities of water. He is oppressed both by the colonial condition and by personal tragedy, whereas Saleem, the main character of Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, who is made to represent the country, acquires in the jungle of the Sundarbans an understanding of the necessity of adopting elements of other cultures. Two other authors, Anita Desai and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, develop the theme of the woman’s condition as a representation of the counterpart and contradictory images of water and sun/fire. Desai’s Fasting, Feasting relates the Indian condition to that of another culture and Divakaruni’s The Mistress of Spices addresses the problems of the Indian concept of marriage in the diaspora while using mythological imageries of other cultures.
Survival under dry conditions was examined in males and females of Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a beetle of tropical origin. The range of individual responses and the effect of gender on water loss were also evaluated. Females exhibit significantly longer survival (Lt50 and Lt90) than males under desiccating conditions. Larger females beetles have a greater initial water mass and hence can tolerate greater water losses. Such beetles have longer survival under dry conditions. Males and females loose an average of 54.8 and 58.9% of their body water prior to death. The insects were inactive most of the time, when kept under dry conditions; the rate of decrease in body water was thus reduced. Beetles of both gender display a negative correlation between the rates of water loss under desiccating conditions and the duration of survival. We conclude that the difference in survival period between males and females is due to a combination of greater female tolerance to desiccation and larger body size.