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17013. West Palaearctic species of the genus Eloeophila (Diptera: Limoniidae)

Creator:
Starý, Jaroslav
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Diptera, Limoniidae, Eloeophila, West Palaearctic, taxonomy, redescriptions, new synonymy, lectotype designation, new species, new records, distribution, and key
Language:
English
Description:
A review of West Palaearctic species of the genus Eloeophila Rondani, 1856 is presented. Three species are redescribed, viz. E. czernyi (Strobl in Czerny & Strobl, 1909), E. laciniata (Edwards, 1928), and E. pusilla (Kuntze, 1920). A lectotype of the latter is designated. Eloeophila albofascia (Alexander, 1975) is established as a new junior synonym of E. apicata (Loew, 1871). Descriptions are provided of E. bipartita sp. n. (North Italy), E. delmastroi sp. n. (North Italy), E. lucasi sp. n. (South Italy and Sicily), E. maroccana sp. n. (Morocco, Spain), E. martinovskyi sp. n. (South Italy), E. minor sp. n. (Czech Republic, Slovakia), E. pectinistylus sp. n. (Spain), E. punctulata sp. n. [Cyprus, Greece (Crete)], E. sparsipunctum sp. n. (Bulgaria), and E. tigricosta sp. n. (Spain). A key to males of all West Palaearctic species is presented.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17014. Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) preference for thrips-damaged leaves over fresh leaves enables uptake of symbiotic gut bacteria

Creator:
de Vries, Egbert J. , Vos, Rutger A., Jacobs, Gerrit, and Breeuwer, Hans A.J.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Oviposition preference, feeding preference, host plant selection, symbiosis, mutualism, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Erwinia species
Language:
English
Description:
To understand the evolution of insect gut symbionts it is important to determine how they are passed on to the next generation. We studied this process in Erwinia species bacteria that inhabit the gut of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This is a polyphagous herbivore and a world-wide pest in agricultural crops. With bacteria in the gut, the thrips larval development time can be shorter and its oviposition rate higher compared to bacteria-free thrips. Bacteria are not directly transmitted from mother to offspring, but larvae acquire bacteria from the leaves right after they hatch. These gut bacteria are present on the leaves on feeding sites used by other thrips before the larvae arrive, probably because these other thrips have deposited bacteria via faeces or regurgitation. In this study we addressed the question whether the transmission route of symbiotic bacteria influences the thrips feeding behaviour, and determined the feeding and oviposition preference of thrips, by giving them a choice between leaves with and leaves without prior grazing by other western flower thrips. This was studied for thrips with and thrips without gut bacteria. Young larvae prefer to feed on leaves that where grazed before by other thrips and females prefer to oviposit on these grazed leaves. These results are in contradiction to earlier studies that have found that thrips larvae fitness is lower on thrips damaged plants than on clean plants. This behaviour does however promote the establishment of gut bacteria in the thrips. The factors determining the preference for thrips-damaged leaves may be the physical leaf damage or odours that are produced by the plant, the bacteria or both.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17017. What do we know about the capital structure of small firms

Creator:
Joeveer, Karin
Publisher:
CERGE-Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Economics Institute
Format:
electronic and 38 s.
Type:
text, volume, studie, model:monograph, and TEXT
Subject:
Formy organizace a spolupráce v ekonomice, kapitálová struktura, malé podniky, Evropa, 334.012.64, 330.14, (4), (048.8), 4, and 334
Language:
English
Description:
Karin Joeveer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17018. What is a hormone?

Creator:
Stárka, Luboslav and Dušková, Michaela
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
cytokiny, růstové faktory, cytokines, growth factors, hormone definition, erythropoietin, lipocalin-2, asprosin, fibroblast growth factor 23, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Starling’s original definition of a hormone from 1905 was “a hormone is a substance produced by glands with internal secretion, which serve to carry signals through the blood to target organs”. Today, this definition is understood to be lacking, but newer definitions also do not encompass the entire meaning of hormones as specific carriers of information. One main problem is that there is no delineation between hormones and other signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth factors or autacoid compounds. It seems that a precise definition is not even possible, since some cytokines and growth factors, such as the cytokines erythropoietin, lipocalin-2 and asprosin or fibroblast growth factor 23, act as hormones under certain conditions., Luboslav Stárka, Michaela Dušková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17019. What is the optimal light source for optical mapping using voltage- and calcium-sensitive dyes?

Creator:
Olejníčková, Veronika and Sedmera, David
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
světelné diody, light emitting diodes, xenon lamp, chick, mouse, optical mapping, mercury lamp, di-4-ANEPPS, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Optical mapping is a fluorescence-based physiological method to image spreading of action potential in excitable tissues, such as the heart and central nervous system. Because of the requirements for high speed imaging in low light conditions, highly sensitive high-speed cameras together with an optical system with maximum photon efficiency are required. While the optimization of these two components is relatively straightforward, the choice of the perfect light source is less simple; depending on the other (usually fixed) components, various parameters may acquire different weight in decisionmaking process. Here we describe the rationale for building an optical mapping setup and consider the relative advantages and disadvantages of three different commonly available light sources: mercury vapor lamp (HBO), xenon lamp (XBO), and light emitting diode (LED). Using the same optical system (fluorescence macroscope) and high-speed camera (Ultima L), we have tested each of the sources for its ability to provide bright and even illumination of the field of view and measured its temporal fluctuations in intensity. Then we used each in the actual optical mapping experiment using isolated, perfused adult mouse heart or chick embryonic heart to determine the actual signal to noise ratio at various acquisition rates. While the LED sources have undergone significant improvements in the recent past, the other alternatives may still surpass them in some parameters, so LEDs may not be the automatic number one choice for every application., Veronika Olejnickova, David Sedmera., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17020. What is the role body sway deviation and body sway velocity play in postural stability in older adults

Creator:
Jančová Všetečková, Jitka and Drey, Nicholas
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
Subject:
věkové faktory, staří, staří nad 80 let, průřezové studie, ženské pohlaví, lidé, kinestezie--fyziologie, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, pohybová aktivita, posturální rovnováha--fyziologie, and sociální chování
Language:
English
Description:
This cross sectional study focused on how Postural Stability (PS) indicators: body sway deviation (BSD) and body sway velocity (BSV), change with age and their association with levels of social and physical activity. Observational study: 80 older adults (aged: 60-96) were purposefully recruited from two sources: the University of the Third Age (TAU) (n = 35) and a residential care home (CH) (n = 45). Differences in the indicators of PS, approximated through Centre of Pressure (COP) measurements, were assessed by the Romberg Stance Test (Test A) subsequently repeated on 10 cm foam surface (Test B), using a Kistler Dynamometric Platform. The RCH Group was older, had higher BMI and was less socially and physically active, showed more body sway in all indicators compared to TAU group. For all participants body sway velocity (BSV) was significantly correlated with age. The strength of correlation of body sway deviation (BSD) with age was also significant but not as strong. The findings indicate in line with previous studies that deterioration in BSV is associated with poor PS more than deterioration in BSD. and J. Jančová Všetečková, N. Drey
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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