In the present paper we answer two questions raised by Barbilian in 1960. First, we study how far can the hypothesis of Barbilian's metrization procedure can be relaxed. Then, we prove that Barbilian's metrization procedure in the plane generates either Riemannian metrics or Lagrance generalized metrics not reducible to Finslerian or Langrangian metrics
Centrální a periferní nervový systém jsou odděleny od krevního řečiště bariérami, které brání volnému přechodu ve vodě rozpustných molekul prostřednictvím těsných spojů, jež propojují endoteliální buňky a epiteliální buňky plexus chorioideus. Tyto bariéry též hrají roli v influxu esenciálních molekul a odstraňování xenobiotik. V posledních letech jsou objasňovány rozdíly a společné rysy jednotlivých bariérových systémů. Jejich poruchy hrají klíčovou roli v celé řadě chorob nervového systému. Článek objasňuje strukturu a funkci bariérových systémů za fyziologických a patologických okolností., Central and peripheral nervous systems are separated from the bloodstream by barrier structures that prevent free migration of water-soluble molecules through the tight junctions of the choroid plexus endothelial and epithelial cells. These barriers also play a role in the influx of essential molecules and elimination of xenobiotics. In recent years, differences and common features of the various barrier systems are being explored. Their disorders play a key role in a number of nervous system diseases. The present paper describes the structure and function of barrier systems under physiological and pathological conditions., and J. Piťha
The increased prevalence of obesity in children and its complications have led to a greater interest in studying baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in children. This review of BRS in children and adolescents includes subtopics on: 1. Resting values of BRS and their reproducibility, 2. Genetics of BRS, 3. The role of a primarily low BRS and obesity in the development of hypertension, and 4. Association of diabetes mellitus, BRS, and obesity. The conclusions specific to this age follow from this review: 1. The mean heart rate (HR) influences the measurement of BRS. Since the mean HR decreases during adolescence, HR should be taken into account. 2. A genetic dependency of BRS was found. 3. Low BRS values may precede pathological blood
-pressure elevation in children with white-coat hypertension. We hypothesize that low BRS plays an active role in the emergence of hypertension in youth. A contribution of obesity to the development of
hypertension was also found. We hypothesize that both factors, a primarily low BRS and obesity, are partially independent risk factors for hypertension in youths. 4. In diabetics, a low BRS compared to healthy children can be associated with insulin resistance. A reversibility of the BRS values could be possible after weight loss.
At present, there are insufficient information about baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and factors that determine BRS in premature newborns. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between BRS and the characteristics that reflecting the intrauterine development (gestational age and birth weight), as well as postnatal development (postconception age and the actual weight of the child at the time of measurement). We examined 57 premature infants, who were divided into groups according to gestational age and postconception age as well as birth weight, and weight at the time of measurement. Continuous and noninvasive registration of peripheral blood pressure (BP) was perf ormed in every child within 2-5 m in under standard conditions using a Portapres (FMS) device. The results showed a close correlation of baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate and respiratory rate with gestational age, postconception age, birth weight and actual weight at the time of measureme nt premature newborns. An increase in the characteristics (ages and weights) resulted in increased BRS and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and in decreased heart and respiratory rates. Baroreflex sensitivity in the first week was in the group of very premature newborns the lowest (4.11 ms/mmHg) and in the light premature newborns was almost double (8.12 ms/mmHg). BRS increases gradually in relation to postnatal (chronological) and to postconception age as well as to birth and actual weight. The multifact or analysis of BRS identified birth weight and postconception age as the best BRS predictors. The two independent variables together explained 40 % of interindividual BRS variability., K. Haskova, M. Javorka, B. Czippelova, M. Zibolen, K. Javorka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Let $(E_{i})_{i\in I}$ be a family of normed spaces and $\lambda $ a space of scalar generalized sequences. The $\lambda $-sum of the family $(E_{i})_{i\in I}$ of spaces is \[ \lambda \lbrace (E_{i})_{i\in I}\rbrace :=\lbrace (x_{i})_{i\in I},x_{i}\in E_{i}, \quad \text{and}\quad (\Vert x_{i}\Vert )_{i\in I}\in \lambda \rbrace}. \] Starting from the topology on $\lambda $ and the norm topology on each $E_i,$ a natural topology on $\lambda \lbrace (E_i)_{i\in I}\rbrace $ can be defined. We give conditions for $\lambda \lbrace (E_i)_{i\in I}\rbrace $ to be quasi-barrelled, barrelled or locally complete.
Boosting as a very successful classification algorithm represents a great generalization ability with appropriate ensemble diversity. It can be easily applied in the two-class classification problem. However, sequential structure prediction, in which the output is an ordered list of the labeled classes, needs to be realized by an adjusted and extended version. For that purpose the AdaBoostSeq algorithm has been introduced. It performs the multi-class classification with respect to the sequential structure of the classification target. The profile of the AdaBoostSeq algorithm is analyzed in the paper, especially its classification accuracy, using various base classifiers applied to diverse experimental datasets with comparison to other state-of-the-art methods.