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2232. Cadmium in urine of children and adults from industrial areas
- Creator:
- Nikić, D.
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2233. Caenorhabditis elegans perilipin is implicated in cold-induced lipolysis and inhibits autophagy in early embryos
- Creator:
- Kaššák, F., Chughtai, A. A., Kaššák, S., and Kostrouchová, M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Perilipin, lipolysis, hormone-sensitive lipase, autophagy, lipophagy, and Caenorhabditis elegans
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Animals use neutral lipids, particularly triacylglycerols (TAGs), to store energy. TAGs are universally organized into dynamic cytoplasmic structures called lipid droplets (LDs). In mammals TAG breakdown is catalysed by lipases, such as hormonesensitive lipase (HSL). LD membrane-resident proteins called perilipins (PLINs) regulate some of these lipases. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has a single known PLIN homologue and orthologues of most lipases including HSL. HOSL-1 (the HSL orthologue in C. elegans) is responsible for production of cryoprotective glycerol in cold conditions, in addition to its role in fasting-induced lipolysis. We employed this model of cold exposure to study the role of PLIN-1 in the regulation of HOSL-1. Our results suggest that both HOSL-1 and PLIN-1 are required for cold tolerance and for lipid breakdown in cold. However, the loss of PLIN-1 partially rescued the phenotype of hosl-1 null mutants exposed to cold, suggesting the presence of an alternative pathway generating glycerol via lipolysis. In early embryos, PLIN-1 knock-out results in accumulation of lipids and formation of cytoplasmic clusters of autophagic marker LGG-1, supporting the role of autophagy as an alternative lipolytic pathway in C. elegans, as is the case in mammals.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2234. Calcicolous beech forests and related vegetation in the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Boublík, Karel, Petřík, Petr, Sádlo, Jiří, Hédl, Radim, Willner, Wolfgang, Černý, Tomáš, and Kolbek, Jiří
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cephalanthero-Fagenion, Cocktail, deciduous forests, Fagus sylvatica, fidelity, frequency-positive fidelity index, ordination, species group approach, syntaxonomy, and TWINSPAN
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A syntaxonomical synthesis of calcicolous forests dominated by Fagus sylvatica (Cephalanthero-Fagenion suballiance) in the Czech Republic was carried out using the Braun-Blanquet approach. Relevés included in the analyses were selected following formalized approach by using an expert-delimited group of 38 calcicolous and/or xerothermophilous species. Only one association Cephalanthero-Fagetum was distinguished, which usually occurs on limestone, calcareous sandstone and calcareous sandy marlite; however, can be found also on base-rich siliceous bedrock (e.g. basalt, phonolite). Based on TWINSPAN analysis, three subassociations were recognized within the Cephalanthero-Fagetum: (i) Cephalanthero-Fagetum seslerietosum caeruleae on shallow rocky soils with frequent dominance of Sesleria caerulea and presence of petrophytes, (ii) Cephalanthero-Fagetum typicum on dry, shallow soils with a significant presence of light-demanding, thermophilous, and calcicolous species, and (iii) Cephalanthero-Fagetum actaeetosum spicatae on deeper, sufficiently moist soils with an abundance of mesophilous, nitrophilous and acidophilous species. The name Cephalanthero-Fagetum actaeetosum spicatae is a new nomenclatural combination. The relationships between Cephalanthero-Fagetum and similar forest vegetation types containing xerothermophilous and/or calcicolous species in the Czech Republic are discussed. The main gradients in species composition of Cephalanthero-Fagetum subassociations were revealed by gradient analysis. The Ellenberg indicator values, altitude, slope, and ‘southness’ were used to interpret these gradients. Using unconstrained ordination analysis (DCA) the syntaxonomical interpretation indicated three relatively distinct groups. Moreover, further DCA analysis revealed the well-defined position of Cephalanthero-Fagetum within Czech beech forests. The results of the above delimitation of Cephalanthero-Fagetum were compared with the results based on Cocktail-defined species groups improved by similarity-based assignment of relevés (using frequency-positive fidelity index). When the Cocktail-based formulas for beech forests were applied to the relevés selected by our 38-species diagnostic group, the correspondence between these two approaches was only 36%. However, at the lower subassociation level, the highest correspondence occurred for Cephalanthero-Fagetum seslerietosum (84%). The reason for this high correspondence is that the species composition includes many specialists (i.e. good diagnostic species) and it occurs at the end of an ecological gradient. To sum up, it is possible to define vegetation units accurately using strict formulas, as opposed to the less rigorous ‘soft’ traditional approach. However, both approaches fail when defining central units.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
2235. Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neural Axis – a Case Report
- Creator:
- Krejčí, Tomáš, Buzrla, Petr, Večeřa, Zdeněk, Křen, Leoš, Potičný, Slavomír, Krejčí, O., Paleček, Tomáš, and Lipina, Radim
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nádory mozku--diagnóza--chirurgie--komplikace--patologie, kalcinóza--diagnóza--chirurgie--komplikace--patologie, okcipitální lalok--patologie, vzácné nemoci, magnetická rezonanční tomografie, tomografie rentgenová počítačová, příznaky a symptomy, ultrazvuková terapie--využití, epilepsie--etiologie, bolesti hlavy--etiologie, rentgendiagnostika, statistika jako téma, dospělí, staří, staří nad 80 let, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, and mladý dospělý
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Cíl: Cílem práce bylo shromáždit dostupná klinická, radiologická a patologická data o kalcifikujícím pseudotumoru nervové osy (CAPNON). Soubor: Soubor je tvořen kazuistikou a současně přehledem všech pacientů publikovaných v anglické literatuře, vyhledaných v databázi PubMed pomocí klíčových slov: calcifying pseudoneoplasm, calcifying pseudotumour, brain stone, cerebral calculi a fibro‑osseous lesion. Zahrnuty jsou taktéž všechny citace případů v nalezených publikacích. Výsledky: Včetně naší pacientky jsme v literatuře nalezli celkem 72 pacientů. Intrakraniálně bylo lokalizováno 62 % těchto lézí, v páteřním kanále 31 % a v kranio‑cervikálním přechodu zbylých 7 %. Průměrný věk výskytu je 45,6 (rozmezí 2–83) let. U intrakraniální lokalizace byla tato léze nalezena supratentoriálně v 74 % a infratentoriálně v 26 %. Z nejčastějším projevů intrakraniálních CAPNON jsme nalezli epilepsii v 33,3 %, bolesti hlavy v 24 %, nebo některý z příznaků zadní jámy v 16,7 %. U pacientů s epilepsii byl CAPNON nalezen v temporálním laloku v 50 %. U CAPNON nalezených v páteřním kanále byla dominantním projevem bolest v 82 %, následovaná poruchou chůze v 27 %. V kranio‑cervikálním přechodu byla dominantním příznakem bolest v 80 %. Závěr: CAPNON je velmi vzácnou, benigní, pomalu rostoucí lézí centrální nervové soustavy. Ve většině případů ji nalezneme intrakraniálně s lehkou převahou u mužského pohlaví. Původ této léze není zcela jasný. Diagnóza CAPNON by měla být zvažována setkáme‑li se s nálezem solidně kalcifikované léze při vyšetření CT mozku a hypodenzní léze v T1 a T2 obraze při vyšetření MR. Léčebnou modalitou je radikální odstranění této léze. Incidentální léze musí být monitorovány, jelikož mohou růst a stát se symptomatickými. Klíčová slova: kalcifikující pseudotumor – mozkový kámen – fibro-oseozní léze Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do biomedicínských časopisů., Aim: The aim of this study was to summarize clinical, radiological and pathological data on calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neural axis (CAPNON). Methods: A case report of a female patient with CAPNON is presented. In addition, all CAPNON patient case histories published in English language are included. Articles were identified via PubMed searches using the following key words: calcifying pseudoneoplasm, calcifying pseudotumour, brain stone, cerebral calculi and fibro‑osseous lesion. All cases referenced within the identified publications are also included in this review. Results: Seventy two cases were identified, including our case report. Of these, 62% were intracranial, 31% spinal and 7% were located in the cranio‑cervical junction (CCJ). The mean age of the CAPNON patients was 45.6 (range 2–83) years. 74% of intracranial CAPNON were supratentorial and 26% were infratentorial. Symptoms of intracranial CAPNON included epilepsy in 33.3%, headaches in 24% and posterior fossa symptoms in 16.7%. The majority of patients with epileptic seizures had lesions in the temporal lobe (50%). Pain was the dominant symptom in 82% and gait disorder in 27% of spinal CAPNON cases. Pain was the dominant symptom (80%) in CCJ CAPNON. Conclusion: CAPNON is a rare, benign, slowly‑growing lesion of the central nervous system. In the majority of cases, location is intracranial and there is a slightly higher prevalence in men. The origin of CAPNON remains unclear. CAPNON should be considered whenever a CT scan reveals a calcified lesion combined with hypointensity on T1 and T2-weighted MRI. Radical removal is the treatment of choice. Incidental lesions must be monitored, as they may grow and become symptomatic., and T. Krejčí, P. Buzrla, Z. Večeřa, L. Křen, S. Potičný, O. Krejčí, T. Paleček, R. Lipina
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2236. Calcitriol and Punica granatum extract concomitantly attenuate cardiomyopathy of diabetic mother rats and their neonates via activation of Raf/MEK/ERK signalling and mitigation of apoptotic pathways.
- Creator:
- El-Mansi, A. A. and Al-Kahtani, M. A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- calcitriol, Punica granatum, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, MAPK pathway, and apoptosis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigated the detrimental effects of diabetes on myocardium of pregestational streptozo-tocin (STZ)-diabetic mother rats and their neonates via evaluations of oxidative redox, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, also aiming to characterize whether calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract confer myocardial protection in hyperglycaemic dams and their foetuses via modulation of the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade. Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomized into five groups (N = 12): control, diabetic, diabetic treated with calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and mated with non-diabetic healthy males. After confirmation of pregnancy, treatments were kept until gestational day (E-18). Serum and cardiac tissues of mothers and foetuses were collected and processed for bio-chemical, histopathological, and molecular assess-ments., We observed that, compared to the control, diabetic mothers showed dramatically increased hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia associated with decreased myocardial functions and disrupted maternal performance. Also, diabetic mothers and their neonates exhibited elevated levels of myocardial injury (troponin I, endothelin 1, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase), with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1, interleukin 1β, transforming growth factor β) and oxidative redox. Concurrently, the MAPK pathway was significantly down-regulated with increased myocardial apoptotic activity. Furthermore, mRNA expression of angio-genic and fibrotic markers was significantly increased. Paradoxically, calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract alleviated these diabetic myocardial insults and normalized the aforementioned assayed parameters. Our findings hypothesized that calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract exerted cardioameliorative impacts due to their unique anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be a promising treatment that directly targets the secondary myocardial complications of diabetes in dams and their offspring., and Corresponding author: Ahmed Elmansi
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2237. Calculating all elements of minimal index in the infinite parametric family of simplest quartic fields
- Creator:
- Gaál, István and Petrányi, Gábor
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- simplest quartic field, power integral base, and monogeity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is a classical problem in algebraic number theory to decide if a number field is monogeneous, that is if it admits power integral bases. It is especially interesting to consider this question in an infinite parametric family of number fields. In this paper we consider the infinite parametric family of simplest quartic fields $K$ generated by a root $\xi $ of the polynomial $P_t(x)=x^4-tx^3-6x^2+tx+1$, assuming that $t>0$, $t\neq 3$ and $t^2+16$ has no odd square factors. In addition to generators of power integral bases we also calculate the minimal index and all elements of minimal index in all fields in this family.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2238. Calculations of graded ill-known sets
- Creator:
- Inuiguchi, Masahiro
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ill-known set, lower approximation, and upper approximation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To represent a set whose members are known partially, the graded ill-known set is proposed. In this paper, we investigate calculations of function values of graded ill-known sets. Because a graded ill-known set is characterized by a possibility distribution in the power set, the calculations of function values of graded ill-known sets are based on the extension principle but generally complex. To reduce the complexity, lower and upper approximations of a given graded ill-known set are used at the expense of precision. We give a necessary and sufficient condition that lower and upper approximations of function values of graded ill-known sets are obtained as function values of lower and upper approximations of graded ill-known sets.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2239. Calder A.A. 1998: Coleoptera: Elateroidea
- Creator:
- Bocák, L.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2240. California
- Publisher:
- Rock Island System
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public