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1102. A report from the conference on the injured party and victim of the crime from the criminal law and criminological perspectives
- Creator:
- Barilik, Igor N. and Bohuslav, Lukáš
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1103. A representation theorem for probabilistic metric spaces in general
- Creator:
- Liu, Mingxue
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- math and probabilistic metric space
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper, we present a representation theorem for probabilistic metric spaces in general.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1104. A representation theorem for tense n × m-valued Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebras
- Creator:
- Figallo, Aldo Victorio and Pelaitay, Gustavo
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- n-valued Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebra, tense n-valued Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebra, and n × m n-valued Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebra
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In 2000, Figallo and Sanza introduced n × m-valued Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras which are both particular cases of matrix Lukasiewicz algebras and a generalization of n-valued Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras. Here we initiate an investigation into the class tLMn×m of tense n × m-valued Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras (or tense LMn×m-algebras), namely n×m-valued Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras endowed with two unary operations called tense operators. These algebras constitute a generalization of tense Lukasiewicz-Moisil algebras (or tense LMn-algebras). Our most important result is a representation theorem for tense LMn×m-algebras. Also, as a corollary of this theorem, we obtain the representation theorem given by Georgescu and Diaconescu in 2007, for tense LMn-algebras.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1105. A response to the West: a comparative study between Vietnam and Japan
- Creator:
- Karlová, Petra
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Japan and Vietnam
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper deals with Japan and Vietnam in the latter half of the 19th century. when China as a large country abundant both in treasure, trade and industrial opportunities, found itself in the centre of Western Powers´ interests which made them more involved in the Far East. The objective of the paper is to analyze the main factors which determined the way Japan and Vietnam faced up to Western encroachment, and to explain why Vietnam became a part of French Indochina and why Japan came into power. Namely, it points out the different situations and conditions of Japan and Vietnam before their openings to the Western World, and thereby clarifies the rwo countries´ positions within international relations in the Far East. Additionally, it brings up some differences in Japan´s and Vietnam´s domestic situations in order to document their readiness to meet external challenges.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1106. A reverse viewpoint on the upper semicontinuity of multivalued maps
- Creator:
- Fenille, Marcio Colombo
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- multivalued map, power set, upper semicontinuity, and upper semifinite topology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- For a multivalued map ϕ: Y ⊸ (X, τ ) between topological spaces, the upper semifinite topology A(τ ) on the power set A(X) = {A ⊂ X : A ≠ ∅} is such that ϕ is upper semicontinuous if and only if it is continuous when viewed as a singlevalued map ϕ: Y → (A(X), A(τ )). In this paper, we seek a result like this from a reverse viewpoint, namely, given a set X and a topology Γ on A(X), we consider a natural topology R(Γ) on X, constructed from Γ satisfying R(Γ) = τ if Γ = A(τ ), and we give necessary and sufficient conditions to the upper semicontinuity of a multivalued map ϕ: Y ⊸ (X, R(Γ)) to be equivalent to the continuity of the singlevalued map ϕ: Y → (A(X), Γ).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1107. A review of Dendromonocotyle (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the skin of stingrays and their control in public aquaria
- Creator:
- Chisholm, Leslie A., Whittington, Ian D., and Fischer, Andreas B. P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Monogenea, Monocotylidae, Dendromonocotyle, aquaria, Dasyatidae, and Taeniura meyeni
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dendromonocotyle species (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) are the only monocotylids to parasitize the skin of chondrichthyan hosts. Currently 11 species are recorded from the skin of ray species in the Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae and Urolophidae. There have been increasing reports of Dendromonocotyle outbreaks on rays kept in public aquaria. This paper provides a broad review of Dendromonocotyle that should assist taxonomists and aquarists with species identification and help decisions on potential control methods for Dendromonocotyle infections. The taxonomy and host-specificity of Dendromonocotyle are discussed and a key to current species is provided. We summarise what little is known about the biology of Dendromonocotyle including egg embryonation and hatching, feeding, camouflage and reproduction. The efficacy of freshwater baths, chemical treatments and biological control measures such as the use of cleaner fish for Dendromonocotyle is also discussed. We demonstrate that effective control of Dendromonocotyle on captive rays is hampered by the lack of basic biological data on the life cycle of the parasites. A case history is provided outlining the success of a public aquarium (Underwater World, Mooloolaba, Queensland, Australia) in managing D. pipinna infections on captive Taeniura meyeni without chemical intervention simply by taking measures to reduce host stress.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1108. A review of Fennoscandian arthropods living on and in snow
- Creator:
- Hagvar, Sigmund
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Arthropods, winter activity, snow, adaptations, migration, orientation, Fennoscandia, review, Diptera, Hypogastura, Chionea, Trichocera, Mecoptera, Boreus, Araneae, Bolephthyphantes, subnivean, intranivean, and supranivean
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A permanent snow cover for several months is typical for large parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland. Snow layers thicker than about 20 cm insulate the soil surface and stabilize the ground temperature close to 0°C. Many ground-living invertebrates are active at this temperature in the subnivean air space. From this "base camp", some invertebrates migrate upwards to use the snow as a substrate. The intranivean fauna consists of springtails (Collembola) and mites (Acari) that are small enough to move within the narrow pores between snow crystals. The supranivean fauna consists of various invertebrates that are active on the snow surface. Some of them are Collembola that have migrated through the snow layers. However, most of them are larger insects and spiders which migrate between the subnivean and supranivean habitats following air channels which are naturally created along tree stems, bushes etc. penetrating the snow. Likewise, certain Chironomidae and Plecoptera, hatching from winter-open rivers and brooks, are active on the snow surface. The supranivean arthropod fauna has the following characteristics: 1. It is a weather dependent assemblage of species, coming and going with changes in air temperature, cloud cover, and wind. Below ca. -6°C animals are absent, but at temperatures around or above zero, many groups can be simultaneously active on snow. 2. The snow surface fauna shows phenological changes throughout the winter, as certain species and groups are mainly active during certain months. 3. Some invertebrates are highly specialized and take advantage of the snow surface as an arena in their life cycle. Examples are Hypogastrura socialis (Collembola), and the two wingless insects Chionea sp. (Diptera: Limoniidae) and Boreus sp. (Mecoptera). They use the smooth snow surface for efficient migration. Chionea sp. and Boreus sp. lay their eggs during the snow-covered period, while H. socialis migrates to create new colonies. The cold tolerant spider Bolephthyphantes index is unique in constructing webs in small depressions on the snow, to catch migrating Collembola. Various adaptations for using the snow as a substrate are discussed. Besides physiological and morphological adaptations, snow surface arthropods show special behavioural adaptations. Most conspicuous is the ability of several Collembola species to navigate during migration, using the position of the sun for orientation. Furthermore, in Collembola and Mecoptera, jumping as an original mechanism to escape predators has independently evolved into a migrating mechanism. An evolutionary potential exists for more invertebrate groups to take advantage of snow as a substrate in their life cycle. For instance, several more cold tolerant spiders might evolve the ability to catch migrating Collembola on snow.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1109. A review of Palaearctic Gymnophora Macquart (Diptera: Phoridae), with description of new species
- Creator:
- Mostovski, Mikhail B. and Mikhailovskaya, Marina V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Taxonomy, Phoridae, Gymnophora, Palaearctic, new species, new synonymy, lectotypes, and distribution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Palaearctic species of the genus Gymnophora are reviewed. Four new species, G. amurensis sp. n., G. gornostaevi sp. n., G. perpropinqua sp. n., and G. victoria sp. n., are described from the European Russia, Middle Asia, and Russian Far East. Females of two other species from the Far East are described under code letters. G. laciniata Michailovskaya, 1997 is synonymised under G. prescherweberae Disney, 1997. Lectotypes of G. arcuata (Meigen, 1839) and G. verrucata (Schmitz, 1929) are designated. The latter species is redescribed. Palaearctic females of G. nigripennis demonstrate wide variation of taxonomically important features and may, in fact, represent a group of closely related species. One female of G. nigripennis, which has been caught alive, is recorded to be infected with fungi.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1110. A review of picobiine mites (Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) parasitising African birds
- Creator:
- Skoracki, Maciej and Hromada, Martin
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ectoparasites, taxonomy, quill mites, Lawrencipicobia, and Gunabopicobia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A fauna of quill mites of the subfamily Picobiinae (Acari: Syringophilidae) associated with African birds is revised. Two new monotypic genera are proposed, Gunabopicobia gen. n. for Picobia zumpti Lawrence, 1959 and Lawrencipicobia gen. n. for Picobia poicephali Skoracki et Dabert, 2002. These new genera differ from other genera of the subfamily by the following features: in females of Gunabopicobia, propodonotal setae vi are situated anterior to the level of setae ve; the narrow lateral propodonotal shields bear bases of setae vi, ve, si and se; the bases of setae 1a-1a are coalesced; the genital setae and the opisthosomal lobes are absent; the leg I with full set of solenidia and apodemes I are devoid of the thorn-like protuberances in the middle part. In females of Lawrencipicobia, the bases of setae 1a-1a are not coalesced; the propodonotal shield is entire; the genital setae are present; legs I are with full set of solenidia. Additionally, two new species belonging to Picobia Haller, 1878 are described, Picobia illadopsae sp. n. parasitising Illadopsis rufipennis (Sharpe) (Passeriformes: Pellorneidae) in Kenya and Picobia phoenicuri sp. n. infecting Phoenicurus moussieri (Olphe-Galliard) in Tunisia. The following species are redescribed, Columbiphilus alectoris (Fain, Bochkov et Mironov, 2000), Lawrencipicobia poicephali (Skoracki et Dabert, 2001) comb. n. and Picobia phoeniculi (Fain, Bochkov et Mironov, 2000). The key to the genera of the Picobiinae is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public