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2102. Antagonisté receptorů pro angiotenzin II (AT1-blokátory) v léčbě hypertenze

Creator:
Widimský, Jiří
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
hypertenze--farmakoterapie, inhibitory ACE--aplikace a dávkování--klasifikace--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, klinické zkoušky jako téma, randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma, fixní kombinace léků, dvojitá slepá metoda, multicentrické studie jako téma, metaanalýza jako téma, adherence k farmakoterapii, and lidé
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Blokátory angiotenzinových receptorů typu 1 (AT1-blokátory, sartany) patří mezi základní antihypertenzní látky vhodné pro monoterapii i kombinační léčbu hypertenze. AT1-blokátory mají srovnatelné účinky s dalšími hlavními třídami antihypertenziv včetně ACE-inhibitorů. Dle současných doporučení České společnosti pro hypertenzi jsou sartany spolu s ACE-inhibitory a blokátory kalciových kanálů považovány za tzv. univerzální antihypertenziva. Mají ze všech antihypertenziv nejméně nežádoucích účinků a nemocní léčení sartany vykazují nejlepší dlouhodobou perzistenci k léčbě. V článku jsou diskutovány mechanizmy antihypertenzního účinku jakož i srovnání antihypertenzních účinků sartanů s dalšími antihypertenzními látkami. Jsou uvedeny výsledky větších klinických studií se sartany a indikace u arteriální hypertenze., Angiotensin receptor antagonists (AT1-blockers) are considered as one of the major classes of antihypertensive drugs suitable for monotherapy as well as for combination treatment. AT1-blockers have comparable antihypertensive efficacy with other major classes of antihypertensive drugs. AT1-blockers are considered by current guidelines of Czech society of hypertension altogether with ACE-inhibitors and calcium channel blockers as universal antihypertensive drug class. AT1-blockers has the lowest profile of side-effects among all antihypertensive drug classes and thus very high persistence to therapy. Mechanisms of antihypertensive effects of AT1-blockers are discussed altogether with the results of large clinical trials and indications in the treatment of hypertension., and Jiří Widimský Jr.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2103. Anterior pituitary weight, cAMP, cGMP and prolactin levels after combined treatment with estradiol and Methylene Blue

Creator:
Schreiber, V., Nedvídková, J., and Jahodová, J.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
estradiol, anterior pituitary, methylene blue, cAMP, cGMP, and prolactin
Language:
English
Description:
Male rats received estradiol benzoate in a long acting microcrystalline suspension (1 mg/rat i.m., twice a week), methylene blue (MB) 0.5 % in the food and the combination of estradiol and MB. After three weeks, MB partially inhibited the growth response of the anterior pituitary to estradiol and it partially inhibited the increase of cAMP content in anterior pituitary. The increase of anterior pituitary cGMP content was not modified by MB, neither the ratio cAMP/cGMP in the anterior pituitary which, however, decreased after estradiol. This decrease was not modified by MB. On the other hand, the prolactin (PRL) increase in the blood after estradiol was inhibited by MB, although the prolactin content in the anterior pituitary was not. Methylene blue alone did not change blood prolactin concentration, but it unexpectedly elevated blood thyroxine levels and this effect was partially inhibited by simultaneous estradiol treatment.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2104. Anthobothrium altavelae sp. n. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the spiny butterfly ray Gymnura altavela (Elasmobranchii: Gymnuridae) in Tunisia

Creator:
Neifar, Lassâd, Euzet, Louis, and Ben Hassine, Oum Kalthoum
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Anthobothrium altavelae, parasite, Tetraphyllidea, spiral intestine, Gymnura altavela, and Elasmobranchii
Language:
English
Description:
Seven Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, 1758) (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatiformes) caught off the Tunisian coast were examined for endoparasites during a three-year period (1995-1998). A phyllobothriid cestode new to science was found in the spiral intestine of all host specimens. The presence of a tetrabothridiate scolex, bothridia lacking an apical sucker, laciniate strobila, and possession of postvaginal testes are sufficient to place this species in the genus Anthobothrium Van Beneden, 1850. In this genus, we consider that only two species, both previously reported from carcharhiniform sharks, are valid: Anthobothrium cornucopia Van Beneden, 1850 and A. laciniatum Linton, 1890. Anthobothrium altavelae sp. n. can be distinguished from its congeners by its length, strobila morphology, and the number of testes. The taxonomic position of the species attributed to Anthobothrium parasitic in gymnurids is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2107. Anthracycline therapy and 24-hour blood-pressure profile in long-term survivors of childhood cancer

Creator:
Zuzana Nováková, Jana Šťastná, Honzíková, K., Hana Hrstková, Nataša Honzíková, Eva Závodná, Bohumil Fišer, and Petr Honzík
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, chronobiologie, blood pressure, chronobiology, anthracyclines, cardiotoxicity, childhood cancer, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In our previous studies, a decreased blood pressure was reported in children treated by anthracycline (AC). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of AC anticancer therapy in 45 subjects aged 13-22 years by repeated 24-hour Holter monitoring of blood pressure. Sixty four aged-matched subjects served as controls. The differences between mean values of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in each hour of both groups were evaluated by Mann-Whitney test. Also the parameters of the least-squares fit of the sinusoidal curve in each subject were estimated (M - mesor, midline-estimating, a mean value of sinusoidal curve corresponds to 24-hours mean pressure; A - amplitude, double amplitude corresponds to nightday difference; Acr - acrophase is a time of maximal value of a sinusoidal curve). SBP and DBP was significantly lower only during night hours in anthracycline patients 19-22 years old. Also M was lower in this age subgroup of patients comparing to age matched controls (SBP: 112±6 mm Hg versus 117±7 mm Hg, p<0.05; DBP: 67±3 mm Hg versus 69±6 mm Hg, p<0.05), A was not different, Acr in patients was shifted one hour earlier (SBP: 2.4 p.m. versus 3.6 p.m., p<0.05; DBP: 2.1 p.m. versus 3.3 p.m., p<0.01). This corresponds to the shift of the morning blood-pressure increase seen on 24-hours blood pressure profiles. M correlated with age in controls (SBP: r=0.374, p<0.01; regression coefficient b=1.34 mm Hg/1 year; DBP: r=0.365, p<0.01; b=0.95 mm Hg/1 year), but not in patients (SBP: r=0.182, DBP: r=0.064). A and Acr were age-independent in all subjects. It is concluded that blood pressure in 19-22 years old AC patients is lower during night hours, the age-dependent increase of blood pressure seen in healthy controls between 13 and 22 years of age does not occur in patients. This finding is consistent with the long-lasting impairment of the sympathetic nervous system caused by anthracyclines., Z. Nováková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2108. Anthropogenic induced changes in nesting densities of the dune-specialised digger wasp Bembix rostrata (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Creator:
Bonte, Dries
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Bembix rostrata, disturbance, population density, recreation, and trampling
Language:
English
Description:
Data on nesting densities of Bembix rostrata, a digger wasp inhabiting dynamic coastal dunes, were used to document the detrimental effects of trampling by cattle and vacationers. Both types of disturbance resulted in similar sand displacement and prey availability. Nesting densities of Europe's largest digger wasp declined dramatically with increasing trampling, probably below the critical population size. Hence, additional human disturbance, although resulting in similar environmental conditions compared to natural disturbance, significantly affected local population sizes. As a result, anthropogenic has to be avoided disturbance in order to restore or conserve natural dynamics and efforts to restore natural dynamics in a more natural way should be promoted. Although this is here only documented for one, large specialised invertebrate, the application of traditional management techniques, such as grazing by large herbivores, within newly evolved landscapes may introduce new pressures that affect pre-adapted species to natural disturbances negatively within short time spans.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2109. Anthropologia integra: Exaktní, humanitní, celostní (počin jako malina)

Creator:
Filipský, Jan
Format:
111-114, braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, historické články, and TEXT
Subject:
antropologie kulturní, antropologie fyzická, and periodika jako téma
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Příspěvek nabízí stručný přehled odlišných přístupů ke studiu člověka, jež může být pojímáno jako celostní bio-socio-kul- turní disciplina čerpající jak z přírodních / exaktních, tak humanitních věd, či jako dvě odlišné skupiny „vědeckých“ (čti: přírodovědných) a „nevědeckých“ (společenskovědních) výzkumů, jež se vzájemně metodologicky a terminologicky stále vzdalují, ale ze zvyku jsou stále označovány za antropologii, a to na pozadí nedávné kontroverze vyvolané rozhodnutím Americké antropologické asociace vymýtit pojem „věda“ z dlouhodobého programu organizace. Obsaženo je i krátké ohlédnutí za 1. ročníkem našeho časopisu jako otevřené publikační plat- formy integrálně chápané antropologie., The contribution presents a brief overview of different approaches to the study of Man, conceived as a holistic bio-socio-cultural scientific discipline drawing upon natural / exact sciences and humanities, or increasingly diverging “scientific” and “non-scientific” research- es, both from force of habit still termed anthropology, in the background of recent controversy sparkled by the decision of the American Anthropological Association to purge the term “science” from its long-term mission statement. Included is also a short retrospective glance at the first volume of our journal as an open publication platform of integrally conceived anthropology., Jan Filipský, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2110. Anti-CD38 therapy with daratumumab for relapsed/refractory CD20-negative diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma

Creator:
Vockova, P. , Svaton, M. , Karolova, J. , Pokorna, E., Vokurka, M., and Klener, P.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, CD38, daratumumab, and patient-derived xenograft
Language:
English
Description:
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and one of the most aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Front-line therapy consists of chemotherapy in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Relapses after rituximab-based regimen have poor prognosis and call for new treatment options. Immunohistochemistry analysis of relapsed DLBCL often reveal CD20-negative lymphoma, which limits repeated use of rituximab in combination with salvage chemotherapy. CD38 is a surface antigen that binds to CD38, CD31/PECAM-1 and hyaluronic acid. CD38 is an important mediator of signal transmission from the microenvironment into the cell. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expression of CD38 on the surface of DLBCL is highly variable (compared to strong expression on myeloma cells), but can be easily assessed by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of CD20-negative, CD38-positive DLBCL derived from a patient with rituximab-refractory DLBCL was used for in vivo experiments. We demonstrated that daratumumab suppressed growth of subcutaneous PDX tumours significantly more effectively than rituximab. Analysis of tumours obtained from mice treated with daratumumab revealed down-regulation of surface CD38, suggesting endocytosis of CD38-daratumumab complexes. The results suggest a potential clinical use of daratumumab in combination with salvage chemotherapy in patients with relapses of CD20-negative DLBCL. In addition, daratumumab might potentially serve as a suitable antibody moiety for derivation of antibodydrug conjugates for the targeted delivery of toxic payloads to the lymphoma cells.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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