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24962. Totally reflexive modules with respect to a semidualizing bimodule
- Creator:
- Zhang, Zhen, Zhu, Xiaosheng, and Yan, Xiaoguang
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- semidualizing bimodule, totally reflexive module, Bass class, precover, and preenvelope
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Let $S$ and $R$ be two associative rings, let $ _{S}C_{R}$ be a semidualizing $(S,R)$-bimodule. We introduce and investigate properties of the totally reflexive module with respect to $_{S}C_{R}$ and we give a characterization of the class of the totally $C_{R}$-reflexive modules over any ring $R$. Moreover, we show that the totally $C_{R}$-reflexive module with finite projective dimension is exactly the finitely generated projective right $R$-module. We then study the relations between the class of totally reflexive modules and the Bass class with respect to a semidualizing bimodule. The paper contains several results which are new in the commutative Noetherian setting.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24963. Totálna duodenopankreatektómia pre metastázy renálneho karcinómu − kazuistika
- Creator:
- Donát, Róbert, Sabol, Martin, and Durdík, Štefan
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, lidé středního věku, ženské pohlaví, nádory ledvin, nádory slinivky břišní--chirurgie--sekundární, pankreatoduodenektomie, karcinom z renálních buněk, tomografie rentgenová počítačová, pozitronová emisní tomografie, multiplicitní metastázy, and izolované pankreatické metastázy
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Frekvencia pankreatických metastáz sa pohybuje od 2 % do 5 % všetkých malígnych tumorov pankreasu. Pankreas je elektívnym miestom metastáz renálneho karcinómu a všeobecne sa vyskytujú v siedmej dekáde a sú obyčajne asymptomatické. Kazuistika: V kazuistike prezentujeme prípad 58 ročnej ženy s multifokálnym a izolovaným postihnutím pankreasu metastázami renálneho karcinómu, ktorý sme riešili totálnou duodenopankreatektómiou. Záver: V selektovaných prípadoch považujeme resekčný výkon na pankrease pri metastázach renálneho karcinómu za indikovaný a zlepšujúci celkové prežívanie pacientov. Kľúčové slová: renálny karcinóm – izolované pankreatické metastázy – totálna duodenopankreatektómia, Introduction: The frequency of pancreatic metastases ranges from 2% to 5%. Pancreas is an elective site for metastases from renal carcinoma. Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma are frequently the only metastatic site and they typically occur in the seventh decade of life. Case report: We report 1 female patient (aged 58 years) with multifocal and isolated pancreatic metastases of renal cell carcinoma. Total duodenopancreatectomy was performed. Conclusion: In selected cases, pancreatic resection due to renal cell cancer metastases is deemed indicated, improving overall patient survival. Key words: renal cell carcinoma (RCC) − isolated pancreatic metastases − total duodenopancreatectomy, and R. Donát, M. Sabol, Š. Durdík
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24964. Totální avulze bulbu kombinovaná s poraněním chiazmatu – kazuistika
- Creator:
- Hejsek, Libor, Kaňa, Vítězslav, Rozsíval, Pavel, Dusová, Jaroslava, Stepanov, Alexandr, Trávníček, P., and Tuček, Luboš
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- chiasma opticum--patofyziologie--zranění, poranění oka--diagnóza--etiologie--terapie, zraková ostrost, nervus opticus--anatomie a histologie--chirurgie, retrospektivní studie, hemianopsie--etiologie, zraková percepce--fyziologie, enukleace oka, poranění obličeje, hasiči, úrazy a nehody, dospělí, ženské pohlaví, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Autoři referují o vzácném případu traumatické totální avulze očního bulbu s optickým nervem v úrovni chiazmatu. Kazuistické sdělení retrospektivně popisuje průběh ročního sledování mladé ženy, která byla zraněna při hasičských závodech. Avulze bulbu a optiku, kombinovaná s poraněním chiazmatu, rezultovala v hemianopický defekt druhostranného zorného pole. Při traumatu vzniklo subarachnoidální krvácení do oblasti cisteren chiazmatu, jež spontánně ustoupilo. Nedošlo k rozvoji vaskulárních spazmů mozku. Celková kortikoterapie a neuroprotekce neměla vliv na průběh onemocnění. Během sledovací doby objektivně došlo k descendentní atrofii korespondujících axonů a retinálních gangliových buněk. V současné době neexistuje efektivní terapie poranění v oblasti chiazmatu., The authors report a rare case of complete traumatic avulsion of the eyeball with the optic nerve at the level of chiasm. The case report retrospectively describes a year-long monitoring of a young woman who was injured in fire-fighter races. Avulsion of the globe and optic nerve combined with injured chiasm resulted in contralateral hemianopic visual field defect. The trauma led to subarachnoid hemorrhage in cisterns of chiasm, which spontaneously resolved. There was no development of vascular spasms in the brain. Systemic corticosteroid therapy and neuroprotection did not affect the course of the disease. During the observation period, descending atrophy of the corresponding axons and retinal ganglion cells developed. There is currently no effective therapy of chiasm injuries., and L. Hejsek, V. Kaňa, P. Rozsíval, J. Dusová, A. Stepanov, P. Trávníček, L. Tuček
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24965. Totální laparoskopická radikální hysterektomie – limity a způsob provedení
- Creator:
- Chvátal, Radek
- Format:
- electronic, electronic resource, and remote
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, ženské pohlaví, nádory děložního čípku--chirurgie, lymfatické metastázy, peroperační komplikace, laparoskopie--dějiny--metody--přístrojové vybavení--trendy, hysteroskopie--dějiny--metody--přístrojové vybavení--trendy, lymfadenektomie--metody, and chirurgické nástroje
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- V devadesátých letech minulého století dochází k rozvoji laparoskopické chirurgie. Cestu ukázali chirurgickým oborům gynekologové. Vývoj metody započal simultáně na třech místech. V USA, Francii a Německu. V roce 1989 provedl Reich v USA první LAVH. Querleu v roce 1991 první laparoskopickou lymfadenektomii a v roce 1992 kombinoval Dargeant Schautovu radikální vaginální hysterektomii s laparoskopickým přístupem. Systematická pánevní a alternativně paraortální lymfadenektomie je součástí radikálních laparoskopických výkonů. Stanovili jsme novou nomenklaturu parametrií, snažíme se šetřit autonomní inervaci. Zpočátku byli operatéři autodidakté, v poslední době jsme svědky standardizace indikací a techniky. Bezpečnost výkonu a komfort operatéra zvyšuje vyspělá technika, 3D zobrazení, vysokofrekvenční bipolární technika, konstrukce trokarů omezujících možnost cévních poranění. Postupně byl téměř na všech specializovaných pracovištích opuštěn vaginální přístup a kompletní operace je prováděna pouze laparoskopicky pod mezinárodně srozumitelným označením TRLH (totální, radikální, laparoskopická hysterektomie). Systematicky se budeme ve svém sdělení věnovat anatomickým aspektům, aplikaci trokarů, základním preparačním krokům a postupům, které omezí možné komplikace, zejména ze strany močového měchýře a ureterů. Zmíníme nutné technické vybavení, základy bezpečné práce s vysokofrekvenční koagulací. Na závěr probereme pooperační péči., In the nineties we experienced a massive development of laparoscopic surgery. Gynecologists were the first who paved the way. The method was simultaneously developed in three countries - the United States, France and Germany. From the United States the vaginal laparoscopically assisted procedures have came to Europe. The French and German schools were based on the historical knowledge of the Schauta radical hysterectomy. In 1989 Reich was the first who operated the LAVH, followed by Querleu in 1992 with lymphadenectomy and Dargeant who combined the Schauta procedure with the laparoscopic lymph node dissection. It was the laparoscopy that taught us the proper functional anatomy. A new nomenclature of the parametries was defined. Careful attention is given to the preservation of the autonomous inervation. In the beginning all laparoscopic surgeons were self-taught. Nowadays a standardized laparoscopic techniques are implemented for a radical laparoscopic operations. The safety of this method is enhanced by using advanced technologies like 3D imaging, high frequence bipolar tools, safety trocars. More often the vaginal approach is being abandoned and the whole operation is performed laparoscopically. A generally accepted term for this operation is TRLH which stands for Total Radical Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. We will systematically describe the anatomical aspects of the dissection technique regarding the save preparation of the ureters and the bladder. The technical equipment will be mentioned as well as the use of monopolar and bip, Radek Chvátal, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24966. Touch, Temperature, and Pain in Health and Disease: Mechanisms and Assessments
- Creator:
- Kuneš, Jaroslav
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24967. Toward a generic hybrid neural system for handwriting recognition: an application to arabic words
- Creator:
- Souici , L. and Meslati , D.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Neuro-symbolic combination, handwriting recognition, Arabic word recognition, and knowledge based neural networks
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this article, we propose an automated construction of knowledge based artificial neural networks (KBANN) for the recognition of restricted sets of handwritten words or characters. The features that better describe the chosen vocabulary are first selected, according to the characteristics of the used script, language and lexicon. Then, ideal samples of lexicon elements (words or characters) are submitted to a feature extraction module to derive their description using the chosen primitives. The analysis of these descriptions generates a symbolic knowledge base reflecting a hierarchical classification of the words (or characters). The rules are then translated into a multilayer neural network by determining precisely its architecture and initializing its connections with specific values. This construction approach reduces the training stage, which enables the network to reach its final topology and to generalize. The proposed method has been tested on the automated construction of neuro-symbolic classifiers for two Arabic word lexicons.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24968. Toward the reliability of geodetic surveys in study of geodynamics: a problem of influence of seasonal variations
- Creator:
- Szczerbowski, Zbigniew
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, nivelace, geodezie, leveling, geodesy, salt dome geodynamics, seasonal displacements, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A study of displacements relating to geodynamical processes involves a use of accurate measurement equipment. Better and better accuracy of field surveys neglecting a survey environment can be insufficient in a reliable study. One of the environmental aspects is discussed in the paper. That is a geotechnical condition of a ground - an environment of benchmarks, which changes of position are observed in geodetic surveys. The conditions determine a ground stability affected by weather or geological processes. The main idea of the paper is to consider geotechnical and geological aspects in geodetic reasoning carried on the base of displacement analysis within a study of geodynamics. There are presented examples illustrating the problem. The first relates to former levelling observations carried in an area of Wieliczka, well geologically surveyed due to mining activity in a salt deposit. There are presented results obtained on the base of a numerical analysis. The seasonal variations of benchmarks’ heights are explained in a background of geology. The changes of ground properties induced by atmospheric conditions are suggested as the main cause of the displacements. The survey data processing provided values of displacements caused by seasonally expanding grounds. The second examples concerns ongoing observations in the area of Inowroclaw (located above the salt dome) bring similar variations of heights that can not be related to that cause. The estimated linear trend of height changes proves an uplift process of the salt dome. Derived conclusions suggest a certain methodology helpful in reliable analysis of geodetic surveys. The conclusions prove that geodetic surveys carried out for investigations of displacements in geodynamics require quite extensive geological data., Zbigniew Szczerbowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24969. Towards a political economy of the private rental sector
- Creator:
- Byrne, Michael
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- political economy, generation rent, private rental sector, and inequality
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This article sets out a theoretical framework for the political economy of the private rental sector, with a particular focus on the question of inequality. It brings together three existing bodies of research. First, macro-accounts of social stratification and wealth inequality. Second, Marxian critiques of the antagonism between accumulation and social reproduction. Third, qualitative accounts of tenants’ experiences of housing inequality. The article synthesises these three literatures to put forward a political economy approach which can capture the multi-dimensional and multi-scale nature of both ‘housing’ and ‘home’ in the private rental sector. In so doing, it contributes to recent research on ‘generation rent’, in particular the related class and generational inequalities, as well as wider debates on the political economy of housing.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
24970. Towards an extension of the 2-tuple linguistic model to deal with unbalanced linguistic term sets
- Creator:
- Abchir, Mohammed-Amine and Truck, Isis
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fuzzy partitioning, fuzzy linguistic 2-tuples, unbalanced linguistic term sets, and linguistic aggregation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the domain of \emph{Computing with words} (CW), fuzzy linguistic approaches are known to be relevant in many decision-making problems. Indeed, they allow us to model the human reasoning in replacing words, assessments, preferences, choices, wishes… by \emph{ad hoc} variables, such as fuzzy sets or more sophisticated variables. This paper focuses on a particular model: Herrera and Martínez' 2-tuple linguistic model and their approach to deal with unbalanced linguistic term sets. It is interesting since the computations are accomplished without loss of information while the results of the decision-making processes always refer to the initial linguistic term set. They propose a fuzzy partition which distributes data on the axis by using linguistic hierarchies to manage the non-uniformity. However, the required input (especially the density around the terms) taken by their fuzzy partition algorithm may be considered as too much demanding in a real-world application, since density is not always easy to determine. Moreover, in some limit cases (especially when two terms are very closed semantically to each other), the partition doesn't comply with the data themselves, it isn't close to the reality. Therefore we propose to modify the required input, in order to offer a simpler and more faithful partition. We have added an extension to the package jFuzzyLogic and to the corresponding script language FCL. This extension supports both 2-tuple models: Herrera and Martínez' and ours. In addition to the partition algorithm, we present two aggregation algorithms: the arithmetic means and the addition. We also discuss these kinds of 2-tuple models.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public