Results of a study on trypanorhynch ccstodes of fishes from Indonesian coastal waters are presented. A new species, Dasyrhynchus thomasi sp. n., is described, and five species are recorded which all represent new locality records: Tentacularia coryphaenae Bose, 1797; Nyhelinia africana Dollfus, 1960; Nybelinia scoliodoni (Vijayalakshmi, Vijayalakshmi et Gangadharam, 1996); Sphyriocephalus dollfusi Bussieras et Aldrin, 1968; and Otobothrium penetrans Linton, 1907, Their known ranges of distribution are extended to the East-Indian Ocean. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to clarify details of the tentacular armature and surface morphology of T. coryphaenae, D. thomasi and O. penetrans. In T. coryphaenae, hook-like microtriches along the bothridial tegument are embedded in the distal cytoplasm, sometimes showing a split base. The solid tentacular hooks are embedded into a fibrillar, highly ordered tentacular wall. D. thomasi is distinguished by its characteristically shaped bothridia and a triple chainette with winged hooks on the external surface of the tentacle. Tufts of microtrichcs with ciliated sensory receptors arc regularly arranged on the bothridial surface of O. penetrans. They show similarities to sensory receptors reported from other trypanorhynch cestodes. Otobothrium pephrikos Dollfus, 1969 is considered a junior synonym for O. penetrans, and the variability of the scolex within trypanorhynch cestodes is emphasised.
Membrane-bound proteases from preparations of the midgut of 5th instar velvetbean caterpillars, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) were obtained by resuspension of the pellet obtained after 100,000 g centrifugation. As expected of trypsin-like proteases, they hydrolyzed casein and the synthetic substrates N-α-benzoyl-L-Arg-p-nitroanilidine (L-BApNA) and N-α-p-tosyl-L-Arg methyl ester (L-TAME). Higher activities were observed at 50°C, and at pH 8.5 and 8.0 for both synthetic substrates L-BApNA and L-TAME. The membrane-bound proteases were inhibited by EDTA, phenylmethan sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), benzamidine and aprotinin. TLCK and benzamidine were particularly active inhibitors. The KM-values obtained were 0.23 mM for L-BApNA and 92.5 µM for L-TAME. These results provide evidence for the presence of membrane-bound trypsin-like proteases in the midgut of the velvetbean caterpillar, a key soybean pest in warm climates. The interaction between A. gemmatalis digestive proteases and soybean protease inhibitors has potentially important consequences for soybean breeding programs.
Tumour necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG6) is a protective inflammatory reaction gene which is upregulated by inflammatory processes. Recent studies suggest that TSG-6 exhibits anti-scar-ring effects. However, the mechanism of TSG-6 action in the scar formation remains poorly understood. We investigated whether TSG-6 affects growth of the human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) via Fas/FasL signalling pathway. Cultured HSFs were transfected with a vector carrying the TSG6gene (pLVX-Puro-TSG-6) or with a vector not containing the TSG6 gene (pLVX-Puro). Untransfected HSFs served as a control group to both transfected HSFs. The expressions level of TSG-6 was up-regulated in the pLVX-Puro-TSG-6 group at the protein and mRNA level. MTT and flow cytometry were used to assess the effect of TSG-6 on the growth and apoptotic status of HSFs. Finally, qRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression levels of Fas, FasL, FADD, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in each group. The apoptosis rate was significantly enhanced and the growth rate reduced in the HSFs transfected with the TSG6 gene vector. The expression levels of Fas, FasL, FADD, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were significantly raised in the TSG-6 overexpressing HSFs. It is concluded that increased expression of TSG-6 may induce apoptosis of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via activation of the Fas/FasL signalling pathway. and Corresponding author: Xiao-Jing Li
This paper presents a new robust adaptive model predictive control for a special class of continuous-time non-linear systems with uncertainty. These systems have bounded disturbances with unknown upper bound, as well as constraints on input states. An adaptive control is used in the new controller to estimate the system uncertainty. Also, to avoid the system disturbances, a H∞ method is employed to find the appropriate gain in Tube-MPC. Finally, a surge avoidance problem in centrifugal compressors is solved to show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The tubenose goby has been reported to be the first non-native postglacial gobiid immigrant from the Lower Danube refuges. It is thus a pioneer species that was the forerunner of the extensive invasion of Ponto-Caspian gobies that ascended the River Danube and spread across Europe a century before other goby species. It appears that recently the tubenose goby invasion has accelerated. In this paper historical data on the distribution of the tubenose goby, together with data from extensive monitoring of fish communities in Slovakia are examined to evaluate both the temporal and spatial aspects of tubenose goby distribution dynamics. Until the 1990s, the species was recorded only in the River Danube and small water bodies in the Danubian Lowland (Slovakia). Since then the tubenose goby has spread upstream into tributaries of the River Danube. It was also recorded in several streams in eastern Slovakia after 2014, and the spatial data demonstrate that the tubenose goby has been colonising new water bodies, progressing to the north and ascending rivers, reaching higher altitudes than previously reported. These findings suggest that the tubenose goby deserves attention, even after two centuries following the onset of its invasion, and its further expansion across Europe should be carefully monitored.
Cíl práce: V kazuistice prezentujeme raritní nález primárního plazmablastického lymfomu penisu, který klinicky imitoval karcinom glans penis. Jedná se o druhý publikovaný případ tohoto typu lymfomu penisu ve světě. Kazuistika: Pacient, narozen 1929, byl odeslán na naše pracoviště ošetřujícím urologem pro nově zjištěný exofytický tumor glans penis, indikovali jsme parciální amputaci penisu. Histologické vyšetření amputátu prokázalo primární plazmablastický lymfom. Následná restagingová vyšetření neprokázala systémové onemocnění, pacient je nyní 22 měsíců po výkonu bez známek onemocnění a zůstává v hematologické dispenzární péči. Závěr: Primární plazmablastický lymfom penisu představuje extrémně raritní diagnózu, ve světové literatuře je popsán pouze jediný případ. Jedná se o agresivní typ lymfomu, který obvykle vede v krátké době ke smrti pacienta. Ačkoli léčba těchto nádorů je převážně založena na chemoterapii, u našeho pacienta vedl radikální operační výkon k úplnému vyléčení., We report a case of an elderly man who has presented with tumorous affection involving the uncircumcised penile glans and prepuce. Primary clinical examination gave strong suspicion for primary carcinoma of penis, therefore a suprapubic cystostomy and partial amputation of penis were performed. Histopatological examination revealed uncommon diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma involving glans penis and prepuce. The vast majority of penile tumours are squamous cell carcinomas, primary malignant lymphoma of penis is extremely rare. As staging results were negative, no adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was neccesary. Hitological diagnosis of this pathological entity is challenging due to its rarity., Daniel Bulíř, Jan Jandejsek, Vojtěch Láska, Lukáš Wagenknecht, Jakub Musil, and Literatura
Tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) was found to be significantly increased in skeletal muscles and retroperitoneal fat of obese insulin-resistant Koletsky rats as compared to control Wistar rats. This increase was accompanied by a depression of insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. Neither the insulin-binding capacity nor insulin receptor affinity were related to this TNFa increase in these tissues. In the liver, no significant changes of TNFa content and only a lowering of insulin-binding capacity were found. It is concluded that an increased TNFa content in muscles and fat (but not in the liver) contributes to insulin resistance by lowering insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity, while other insulin receptor characteristics (insulin-binding capacity and affinity of insulin receptors to the hormone) do not seem to be influenced by this factor., A. Hřebíček, M. Rypka, Z. Chmela, J. Veselý, M. Kantorová, V. Golda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Transplantaci jater jako kurativní léčebnou metodu je možno použít u vybraných primárních tumorů jater, především u hepatocelulárního karcinomu a vzácnějších semimaligních tumorů, jako je epiteloidní hemangioendoteliom, dále u infiltrace jater metastázami neuroendokrinních tumorů (za předpokladu, že metastázy jsou lokalizovány pouze v játrech a primární tumor byl odstraněn) a u benigních tumorů (hemangiomů a adenomů) s útlakovými příznaky a velikostní progresí. Cholangiokarcinom není v CKTCH Brno k transplantaci jater indikován. V posledních letech dochází k nárůstu transplantací jater pro hepatocelulární karcinom a hepatocelulární karcinom se také častěji nachází až ex post v explantovaných játrech. Transplantace jater je indikována u vybraných pacientů, u nichž je dobrá šance na dlouhodobé přežití po transplantaci jater (přijímanou hranicí je 50% 5leté přežití po transplantaci). V CKTCH Brno bylo k 20. 3. 2015 transplantováno 38 pacientů – u 25 z nich byl hepatocelulární karcinom diagnostikován před transplantací a u 13 byl zjištěn z explantátu jater. 5leté přežití po transplantaci je u této kohorty pacientů 53 %. Chronickou hepatitidou C trpělo 32 % pacientů. Nejdéle (32 let) přežívající pacient v CKTCH Brno byl transplantován pro velký fibrolamelární hepatocelulární karcinom, což ukazuje na prognostický význam histologie tumoru – kritérium zohledňované z praktických důvodů pouze v některých indikačních schématech. Benigní tumory jater (adenomatóza, cystadenom, hemangiom s útlakovými příznaky) jsou spíše raritní indikace a výsledky transplantace jsou příznivé. Pro infiltraci jater karcinoidem byli transplantováni 4 pacienti, u 1 došlo k rekurenci tumoru., Liver transplantation as a curative treatment method can be used for selected primary liver tumours, in particular for hepatocellular carcinoma and rather rare semi-malignant tumours such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, further for infiltration of liver by metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (provided that metastases are only located in the liver and the primary tumour was removed) and for benign tumours (hemangiomas and adenomas) with oppression symptoms and size progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is not indicated for liver transplantation at the CKTCH Brno. In recent years liver transplants for hepatocellular carcinoma have increased and hepatocellular carcinoma has also been more frequently found ex post, in the explanted livers. Liver transplantation is indicated in selected patients with a good chance of long-term survival after liver transplantation (a generally accepted limit is 5year survival of 50 % after transplantation). By 20 March 2015 there were liver transplants carried out on 38 patients – in 25 of them was hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed before transplantation and in 13 it was found in the liver explants. 5year survival following transplantation is reached by 53 % of this cohort. 32 % patients suffered from chronic hepatitis C. The longest surviving (32 years) patient at CKTCH Brno had liver transplanted for a big fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, which points to the prognostic significance of tumour histology: the criterion only considered in some indication schemes for practical reasons. Benign liver tumours (adenomatosis, cystadenoma, hemangioma with oppression symptoms) are rather rare indications and the transplantation results are favourable. 4 patients underwent transplantation for infiltration of liver by carcinoid, tumour recurrence occurred in one., and Vladimír Mejzlík, Libuše Husová, Milan Kuman, Soňa Štěpánková, Jiří Ondrášek, Petr Němec
Souborný referát shrnuje rysy nejčastějších nádorových postižení skeletu páteře na základních zobrazovacích metodách - skiagrafii, počítačové tomografii (CT) a magnetické rezonanci (MR). Předkládá základní diferenciálně diagnostickou rozvahu a rozebírá přínos jednotlivých typů vyšetření u jednotlivých postižení., This review article summarises radiological features of most common tumorous lesions of spine on X-ray, CT and MR imaging. The main differential diagnostic abnormalities are presented and the value of the individual imaging methods is noted., Marek Mechl, Andrea Šprláková-Puková, Miloš Keřkovský, and Literatura