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26082. When we walk down Wenceslas square…: a picture of the return of Czech legionnaires to their homeland in their recollections and autobiographic novels
- Creator:
- Vácha, Dalibor and Mareš, Jiří
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Czech Legionnaires, Czechoslovakia, and Russia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The study stems from the author’s long-time interest in the history of the Czechoslovak foreign resistance during the Great War, particularly in Russia. As to its sources, it draws from a collection of published recollections of Czechoslovak legionnaires and their autobiographic novels and other texts of prose. The author attempts to reconstruct the picture of the return of Czechoslovak legions from Russia to their home country; due to the nature of his sources, however, his intention is not to convey an authentic experience of the return in the fi rst days and weeks, but rather to examine the construct created by the legionnaires’ memories and novels. In this respect, he makes use of, in particular, Anglo-Saxon historical literature dealing with similar topics. The key issues include how individuals or whole social groups were coping with the reality of the newborn republic, which was rather different from the visions of the home country they had been dreaming about while away. An important factor affecting their refl ections was also the required political nonaffi liation of organizations of legionnaires, as well as the criticism of the situation not just among the veterans, but in the entire society. The extent of the idealization of Russia, which was a fairly frequent phenomenon among them, was directly proportional to the disillusionment after their return, and was a mirror image of their previous idealization of home while they had been in Russia. In the author’s opinion, the topic of the return of Czechoslovak legions home and their life in their home country is far from exhausted; this is why the present study should be just a springboard to further broadly conceived research. and Přeložil Jiří Mareš
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26083. Where are typical C1 functions one-to-one?
- Creator:
- Buczolich, Zoltán and Máthé, András
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- typical function, box dimension, and one-to-one function
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Suppose F ⊂ [0, 1] is closed. Is it true that the typical (in the sense of Baire category) function in C 1 [0, 1] is one-to-one on F? If dimBF < 1/2 we show that the answer to this question is yes, though we construct an F with dimB F = 1/2 for which the answer is no. If Cα is the middle-α Cantor set we prove that the answer is yes if and only if dim(Cα) ≤ 1/2. There are F’s with Hausdorff dimension one for which the answer is still yes. Some other related results are also presented.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26084. Where do our children learn to smoke?
- Creator:
- Hrubá, Drahoslava
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26085. Which firms benefit more from financial development?
- Creator:
- Bena, Jan, Jurajda, Štěpán, Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium, and Národohospodářský ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic and 35 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Finance, Kombinatorika. Teorie grafů. Matematická statistika. Operační výzkum. Matematické modelování, finanční trhy, matematické modelování, podniková ekonomika, výkonnost podniku, země Evropské unie, 336.76, 658, 005.332.1, 519.673, (048.8), 4, 13, 336.7, and 519.1/.8
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Jan Bena, Štěpán Jurajda. and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26086. White adipose tissue: storage and effector site for environmental pollutants
- Creator:
- Müllerová, D. and Kopecký , J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- White adipose tissue, Organic pollutants, Endocrine disruption, and Adipokines
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- White adipose tissue (WAT) represents a reservoir of lipophilic environmental pollutants, especially of those which are resistant to biological and chemical degradation – so-called persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Large amounts of different congeners and isomers of these compounds exhibit a variety of adverse biological effects. Interactions among different classes of compounds, frequently with opposing effects, complicate hazard evaluation and risk assessment. WAT is the key organ for energy homeostasis and it also releases metabolites into the circulation and adipokines with systemic effects on insulin sensitivity and fuel partitioning in muscles and other tissues. Its beneficial role is lost in obesity when excessive accumulation of WAT contributes to severe diseases, such as diabetes. POPs may crossroad or modulate the effect of endogenous ligands of nuclear transcription factors, participating in differentiation, metabolism and the secretory function of adipocytes. These mechanisms include, most importantly: i) endocrine disrupting potency of POPs ́ mixtures on androgen, estrogen or thyroid hormone metabolism/functions in WAT, ii) interference of dioxin-like chemicals with retinoic acid homeostasis, where impact on retinoid receptors is expected, and iii) interaction with transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors is likely. Thus, the accumulation and action of POPs in WAT represents a unitary mechanism explaining, at least in part, the effects of POPs in the whole organism. By modulating WAT differentiation, metabolism and function, the POPs could affect not only the physiological role of WAT, but they may also influence the development of obesity-associated diseases.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26087. White Carpathian grasslands: can local ecological factors explain their extraordinary species richness?
- Creator:
- Kristina, Preislerová, Zdenka, and Chytrý , Milan
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Bílé Karpaty, Czech Republic, diversity, dry grassland, meadow, nutrients, productivity, Slovakia, spoil pH, vascular plants, and Western Carpathians
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Semi-dry grasslands in the White Carpathian (Bílé Karpaty) Mountains on the Czech-Slovak border are famous for their extremely high species richness. In places they contain more than 130 species of vascular plants per 100m2 and for some plot sizes they hold world records in the number of vascular plant species, but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Here we ask whether the high number of species in these grasslands can be explained by local ecological factors. We compared the White Carpathian grasslands with similar grasslands in adjacent areas in the west (southern Moravia) and the east (Inner Western Carpathians), which are on average notably poorer in species than those in the White Carpathians. In both of these areas, we sampled grasslands that were among the species richest in the regional context and had a similar physiognomy, species composition and ecology as those in the White Carpathians. We found 75 sites with >70 and >25 species of vascular plants per 100 m2 and 1 m2, respectively, in which we recorded species composition and local environmental conditions, including precipitation, soil depth, soil pH and nutrient concentrations, above-ground biomass production and nutrients in plant biomass. Although the White Carpathian grasslands were considerably richer in species than the richest grasslands in the adjacent regions, there were no differences in the values of the factors studied that could provide an unequivocal explanation of their high species richness. However, the values of the factors studied were within the ranges reported in the literature as conducive to high species richness in temperate grasslands. We conclude that the high species richness recorded in the White Carpathian grasslands cannot be explained by a single factor. It results from a unique combination of regional factors (long history of these grasslands, large size of individual grassland areas and their existence in a landscape mosaic with forests, scrub and small wetlands), local abiotic factors (soil pH, soil nutrient status, moisture regime and resulting grassland productivity that are suitable for many species from the regional species pool) and management (low fertilizer input and mowing once a year in late spring or summer).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26088. White plant shoots, wax-producing insects and other white structures made by arthropods: a mimicry complex?
- Creator:
- Yamazaki, Kazuo
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, vosky, pavouci, waxes, spiders, plant mimicry, anti-herbivore defence, cocoon, entomopathogenic fungus, spider egg sac, spittlebug froth, trichome, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Many insects masquerade as parts of plants, such as bark or leaves, or mimic poisonous organisms in order to defend themselves against predators. However, recent studies indicate that plants may mimic insects and other arthropods to deter herbivores. Here, I report visually similar white structures of plants and arthropods in Japan and suggest they are part of a mimicry complex. Young shoots covered with white trichomes or waxy substances may mimic wax-producing insects, such as woolly aphids, coccids and caterpillars, potentially resulting in reduced herbivory. Since wax-producing insects would reduce plant quality and quantity, be distasteful and attract natural enemies, herbivorous insects and mammals may avoid such white shoots. Furthermore, fungus-infected insects, gregarious braconid cocoons, spider egg sacs and froth made by froghopper nymphs or blasticotomid sawfly larvae are also conspicuously white and impose risks for herbivorous insects. Thus, these white structures may be mimicry models for white shoots and are likely to be part of a defensive mimicry complex. Although this study focuses on defence against herbivores, there are simultaneous physiological roles for white colouration that will not be discussed in depth here., Kazuo Yamazaki., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26089. Whither peripheral financialisation? Housing finance in Croatia since the global financial crisis
- Creator:
- Mikuš, Marek
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Croatia, Eastern Europe, household debt, housing finance, and peripheral financialisation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This article analyses recent developments in Croatian housing finance to update the established account of housing finance and peripheral financialisation in Eastern Europe that is based on the boom-bust cycle of the 2000s and early-to-mid 2010s. During the bust stage of that cycle, changes in regulation and in the behaviour of debtors and creditors resulted in deleveraging and a shift away from the risky and exploitative lending practices characteristic of peripheral housing finance. However, new increases in household debt and housing prices since 2016–17, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, seem to have reversed these trends. While a boom-bust cycle of similar scope and modality to the first one is unlikely to be repeated, peripheral forms of housing finance have persisted to some degree.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26090. Who borrows and who may not repay?
- Creator:
- Bičáková, Alena, Prelcová, Zuzana, Pašaličová, Renata, Kejak, Michal, Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium, and Národohospodářský ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic and 43 s. : grafy.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Finance, spotřebitelské úvěry, platební neschopnost, zadluženost, regionální rozdíly, 336.77.067, 347.736, 336:005.931.2, 332.1, (048.8), 4, and 336.7
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Alena Bičáková, Zuzana Prelcová, Renata Pašaličová ; editor: Michal Kejak., Obsahuje bibliografii, and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public