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Start Over Language English Subject Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie

1342. Several functions of immune cells changed in mice with oxidative stress caused by endotoxin

Creator:
Víctor, V. M. and La Fuente, M. de
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, cytotoxic activity, leukocytes, proinflammatory mediators, proliferation, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We have studied natural killer (NK) activity, lymphoproliferative response, the release of several cytokines (IL-2, TNFa and IL-1b) and the ROS production in peritoneal leukocytes obtained 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Lethal septic shock (100 % mortality occurred at 30 h after LPS administration) was caused in female BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of E. coli LPS. Cytotoxicity and lymphoproliferation assay were preformed together with the measurement of IL-1b, IL-2 and TNFa production, and quantification of ROS. Natural killer activity, spontaneous lymphoproliferative response, IL-2, TNFa, IL-b release and ROS production were increased after LPS injection. In conclusions, ROS and proinflammatory mediators produced by immune cells in response to LPS are involved in the oxidative stress of endotoxic shock. This oxidative state alters some functional characteristics of leukocytes (proliferation and NK activity)., V. M. Víctor, M. De la Fuente., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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1343. Severity of lethal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts subjected to ischemic preconditioning is increased under conditions of simulated hyperglycemia

Creator:
Zálešák, M., Pavol Blažíček, Dezider Pancza, Ledvényiová, V., Barteková, M., Nemčeková, M., Slávka Čarnická, Atila Ziegelhöffer, and Ravingerová, T.
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ischemie, infarkt myokardu, ischemia, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, h-FABP, ischemia/reperfusion injury, inschemic preconditioning, simulated hyperglycemia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of our study was to characterize resistance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and effectivity of ischemic preconditioning (PC) under condition of simulated acute hyperglycemia (SAHG) by perfusion of the hearts with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution with elevated glucose concentration (22 mmol/l). I/R injury was induced by 30- min coronary occlusion followed by 120-min reperfusion and PC by two cycles of 5-min occlusion/5-min reperfusion, prior to I/R. The severity of I/R injury was characterized by determination of the size of infarction (IS, expressed in % of area at risk size) and the amount of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP, a marker of cell injury) released from the hearts to the effluent. Significantly smaller IS (8.8±1 %) and lower total amount of released h-FABP (1808±660 pmol) in PC group compared with IS 17.1±1.2 % (p<0.01) and amount of h-FABP (8803±2415 pmol, p<0.05) in the non-PC control hearts perfused with standard KH solution (glucose 11 mmol/l) confirmed protective effects of PC. In contrast, in SAHG groups, PC enhanced IS (21.4±2.2 vs. 14.3±1.3 %, p<0.05) and increased total amount of h-FABP (5541±229 vs. 3458±283 pmol, p<0.05) compared with respective non-PC controls. Results suggest that PC has negative effect on resistance of the hearts to I/R injury under conditions of elevated glucose in vitro., M. Zálešák, P. Blažíček, D. Pancza, V. Ledvényiová, M. Barteková, M. Nemčeková, S. Čarnická, A. Ziegelhöffer, T. Ravingerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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1344. Sex differences in ICR mice in the morris water maze task

Creator:
Ge, J.-F., Qi, C.-C., Qiao, J.-P., Wang, C.-W., and Zhou, J.-N.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, sex, learning behavior, memory, mouse, morris water maze, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The Morris water maze (MWM) is one of the most common tasks used to assess spatial learning and memory ability in rodents. Genetic strain and gender are two prominent variants that influence spatial performance. Although it was reported that ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice exhibited an unchanged baseline performance in the training phase of the MWM task, this outbred strain has been widely used in learning and memory studies, and little is known regarding the effects of sex on behavioral performance. In this study, we demonstrated that both male and female ICR mice could complete the MWM task. Furthermore, a significant sex difference was observed, with females having shorter escape latencies and longer durations in the target quadrant in both the acquisition and test phases. Our findings emphasize the necessity of careful examination of not only the strain effect on behavioral performance but also the sex effect., J.-F. Ge, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
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1345. Sex differences in the effect of prenatal testosterone exposure on steroid hormone production in adult rats

Creator:
Domonkos, E., Borbélyová, V., Lucie Kolátorová Sosvorová, Chlupáčová, T., Daniela Ostatníková, Július Hodosy, Luboslav Stárka, and Peter Celec
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, estrogeny, glukokortikoidy, estrogens, glucocorticoids, prenatal androgenization, androgen, gonadotropins, steroidogenesis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Maternal hyperandrogenism during pregnancy might have metabolic and endocrine consequences on the offspring as shown for the polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite numerous experiments, the impact of prenatal hyperandrogenic environment on postnatal sex steroid milieu is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal testosterone excess on postnatal concentrations of luteinizing hormone, corticosterone and steroid hormones including testosterone, pregnenolone, progesterone, estradiol and 7β-hydroxyepiandrosterone in the offspring of both sexes. Pregnant rats were injected daily with either testosterone propionate or vehicle from gestational day 14 until parturition. The hormones were evaluated in plasma of the adult offspring. As expected, females had lower testosterone and higher pregnenolone, progesterone and estradiol in comparison to males. In addition, corticosterone was higher in females than in males, and it was further elevated by prenatal testosterone treatment. In males, prenatal testosterone exposure resulted in higher 7β-hydroxyepiandrosterone in comparison to control group. None of the other analyzed hormones were affected by prenatal testosterone. In conclusion, our results did not show major effects on sex hormone production or luteinizing hormone release in adult rats resulting from testosterone excess during their fetal development. However, maternal hyperandrogenism seems to partially affect steroid biosynthesis in sex-specific manner., E. Domonkos, V. Borbélyová, L. Kolátorová, T. Chlupáčová, D. Ostatníková, J. Hodosy, L. Stárka, P. Celec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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1346. Sex differences in the response of postprandial lipemia to a change from a low-fat low-cholesterol diet to a high-fat high-cholesterol diet

Creator:
Kovář, J. and Rudolf Poledne
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, gender, fyziologie, physiology, postprandial lipemia, plasma triglycerides, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
To determine whether a short-term change in dietary habits affects postprandial lipemia in men and women in the same way, postprandial triglyceridemia was measured in age- and BMI-matched young healthy men and women after two weeks on the self-selected low-fat low-cholesterol (LF) diet and after another two weeks on the self-selected high-fat high-cholesterol (HF) diet. After a standardized challenge meal (1.4 g fat/kg of body weight), men had higher postprandial triglyceridemia than women on the HF diet but no such difference was observed on the LF diet. The results of this preliminary study suggest that there may be important sex differences in the mechanisms regulating the postprandial lipemia response to different diets, women being able to adapt better to the HF diet with respect to postprandial lipemia., J. Kovář, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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1347. Short-term administration of alibernet red wine extract failed to affect blood pressure and to improve endothelial function in young normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Creator:
Bališ, P., Angelika Púzserová, Peter Slezák, Šestáková, N., Oľga Pecháňová, and Bernátová, I.
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxid dusnatý, antioxidanty, krevní tlak, antioxidants, blood pressure, nitric oxide, endothelial function, red wine polyphenols, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
As wine polyphenols were show n to possess many positive effects in mammals, including improvement of vascular function, this study investigated the effect of the Slovak Alibernet red wine extract (AWE) on blood pressure and vascular function in young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Six weeks old, male, WKY and SHR were treated with AWE for three weeks at the dose of 24.2 mg/kg/day. Blood pressure (BP), determined by tail-cuff plethysmography, was significantly elevated in SHR vs. WKY and AWE failed to affect it. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Vascular function was assessed in rings of the femoral artery using Mulvany-Halpern’s myograph. Maximal endothelium-dependent acetylcholine (ACh)-induced rela xation was reduced in control SHR vs. WKY rats by approximatel y 9.3 %, which was associated with a significant decrease of its NO-independent component. AWE failed to affect maximal AC h-induced relaxation, both its NO-dependent and independen t components, compared to controls of the same genotype. AWE however reduced lipid peroxidation in the left ventricle of both WKY and SHR and in the liver of SHR. In conclusion, three-week administration of AWE failed to reduce BP and to improve endothelial function in the femoral arteries of both genotypes investigated., P. Bališ ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
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1348. Short-term administration of melatonin or ghrelin on diabetic rats: effects on angiotensin II and vasopressin - induced uterine contractility

Creator:
Georgiev, T., Tolekova, A., Kalfin, R., and Hadzhibozheva, P.
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, peptidy, melatonin, peptids, uterine contraction, ghrelin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Arginin-Vasopressin (AVP) on contractility of non-pregnant uterus in diabetic Wistar rats and to explore whether one-week administration of Melatonin (MLT) or Ghrelin (GHR) will change the response of diabetic uterine muscle to AngII and AVP. Uterine horns, prepared by the method of isolated tissues were investigated as w ell as glycemic profile, blood pressure and body weight. The research of smooth muscle contractions was made by a new method of analysis, characterizing in detail the various phases of the myometrial activity. Differences in the development of the peptide-mediated smooth muscle contractions depending on the phase of the estrous cycle were observed. Experimental diabetes had a pronounced negative effect on force and time-parameters of AngII and AVP-stimulated uterine contractions. Administration of GHR or MLT had a beneficial effect on the glycemic status of diabetic rats and partially improved the response of uterine preparations to the peptides. The application of MLT increased both force and time-parameters of Ang II- and AVP-stimulated uterine contractions while treatment with GHR increased power characteristics and shortened contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle process., T. Georgiev, A. Tolekova, R. Kalfin, P. Hadzhibozheva., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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1349. Short-term changes of NADPH diaphorase-exhibiting neuronal pools in the spinal cord of rabbit after repeated sublethal ischemia

Creator:
Jozef Maršala and Jalč, P.
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mícha, králíci, spinal cord, rabbits, NADPH diaphorase, sublethal ischemia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was the histochemical characterization of NADPH diaphorase-positive neuronal pools in the rabbit lumbosacral segments using a model of single, repeated and multiple sublethal spinal cord ischemia. Following a single 8-min sublethal spinal cord ischemia and 1-hour reperfusion, the staining of NADPH diaphorase-exhibiting neurons in the dorsal horn, pericentral region, dorsal gray commissure and sacral parasympathetic nucleus was comparable with the control sections. In contrast to the foregoing sublethal ischemia, a regionally different somatic NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) staining was found after multiple sublethal spinal cord ischemia. Whereas an almost complete loss of the staining of large NADPHd-exhibiting somata in the pericentral region was detected, the staining of the NADPHd-exhibiting neuronal pools in the deep dorsal horn and sacral parasympathetic nucleus was fully preserved. Concomitantly, a prominent reduction of small NADPH diaphorase -positive neurons was noted in the superficial dorsal horn layers of lower lumbar and sacral segments., J. Maršala, P. Jalč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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1350. Short-term dynamics of coherence between respiratory movements, heart rate, and arterial pressure fluctuations in severe acute brain disorders

Creator:
Zwiener, U., Schelenz, Ch., Bramer, S., and Hoyer, D.
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Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, autonomic short-term coordination, coherence sequence, high time resolution, heart rate fluctuations, arterial pressure fluctuations, severe brain disorders, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In our previous study, healthy volunteers showed considerable short-term dynamics and patterns of the coherence of high time resolution between respiratory movements (RESP), heart rate fluctuations (HRF), and arterial blood pressure fluctuations (BPF). These are physiological indicators of autonomic short-term coordination mediated mainly by the brainstem which could be impaired in severe brain disorders. We hypothesized a direct or indirect impairment of these functions by these disorders and examined these patterns in 16 patients suffering from severe brain disorders. We calculated partial and ordinary coherence sequences and found almost the same patterns of coherence sequences as in healthy volunteers, but a distinctly reduced frequency of pattern incidence in patients (2.8*1.5/10 min/patient and 9.5*2.8/10 min/subject, P<0.05). Furthermore, there is a significantly smaller frequency of HRF-related patterns in patients with poor outcome, compared with those in patients with good outcome (1.8*0.8/10 min/patient and 4.5*2.7/10 min/patient, P<0.05). We conclude that severe brain disorders reduce physiological short-term dynamics of autonomic coordination patterns in the mean values of patients, but not in every patient., U. Zwiener, Ch. Schelenz, S. Bramer, D. Hoyer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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