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27162. Occurrence of the microsporidian parasite Nucleospora salmonis in four species of salmonids from the Massif Central of France
- Creator:
- El Alaoui, Hicham , Grésoviac, Stéphane J., and Vivarès, Christian P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Microsporidia, Nucleospora salmonis, intranuclear parasite, salmonid fish, and rDNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nucleospora salmonis (Hedrick, Groff et Baxa, 1991), an intranuclear microsporidian parasite of marine and freshwater fish, causes diseases mainly in salmonid species. Losses have been reported in stocks of salmonid fish reared in the region of Auvergne (France). The cause of chronic mortalities in the local host species raised in aquaculture and destined for supplementation of the river system Loire-Allier was examined. The presence of N. salmonis was confirmed by PCR and histology in Salmo salar L. previously and in newly investigated salmonid species, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta fario L., Thymallus thymallus (L.) and Salvelinus alpinus (L.), present in European streams. The infection by N. salmonis was consistent in all cases with characteristic symptoms of the disease in deceased or moribund fish. The small subunit ribosomal DNA from N. salmonis was partially sequenced and compared to previously characterised N. salmonis isolates. As a result, a genotype, or clonal entity, was attributed to N. salmonis among Atlantic salmon found along the Northern Atlantic coastal lines and other salmonid species co-inhabiting or co-cultivated in the Auvergne region.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
27163. Occurrence, prevalence, and effects of the myxozoan Tetracapsula bryozoides parasitic in the freshwater bryozoan Cristatella mucedo (Bryozoa: Phylactolaemata)
- Creator:
- Okamura, Beth
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Myxozoa, Bryozoa, prevalence, and pathogenicity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- During an ecological investigation of populations of the freshwater bryozoan, Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, parasitic sac-like stages of the myxozoan, Tetracapsula bryozoides Canning, Okamura et Curry, 1996 were discovered within the body cavity of some bryozoan colonies. Subsequent to their detection, data were collected on the incidence and prevalence of myxo-zoans in bryozoan populations in the Thames Valley region and on the effects of myxozoans on their hosts. Notable spatial and temporal variation in incidence and prevalence of myxozoans was documented. The production of statoblasts by bryozoans was significantly compromised by myxozoan infection although the production of larvae was not. Infection by myxozoans resulted in generalized swelling, malformation, degeneration, and slower response times in bryozoan colonies. These findings indicate that myxozoans adversely affect host fitness and may therefore influence population levels. Light microscopy revealed that multiple myxozoan sacs can be present within the continuous body cavity of bryozoan colonies and that sacs apparently undergo fission. Infective spores that develop within sacs are at least on some occasions released into the body cavity of bryozoans. Nothing is known of the subsequent stages in the life cycle of this myxozoan, including whether T. bryozoides infects another species. Spores may be released into the water column to infect new hosts or they may be introduced to new hosts when infected bryozoans are ingested.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
27164. Očekávané počty karcinomů štítné žlázy ve světě
- Creator:
- Geryk, Edvard, Horváth, Teodor, Kubíček, Petr, and Štampach, Radim
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nádory štítné žlázy--epidemiologie--mortalita, distribuce podle pohlaví, lidé, incidence, nádory duktální, lobulární a medulární--epidemiologie--patologie, nádory vyvolané zářením--epidemiologie, únik radioaktivních látek--statistika a číselné údaje, vyspělé země, Evropská unie, rozvojové země, očekávané počty ve vybraných oblastech světa, nová onemocnění a zemřelí, and věkové zastoupení
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Z 213 179 nových onemocnění karcinomy štítné žlázy (TC) ve světě v roce 2008 bylo podle údajů Globocan (IARC) 46,1 % případů ve vyspělých a 53,9 % v méně vyspělých zemích, 33 599 v EU a 934 v ČR; z 35 383 zemřelých na TC bylo 27,3 % ve vyspělých a 72,7 % v méně vyspělých zemích, 3 581 v EU a 81 v ČR. V roce 2030 mohou očekávaná nová onemocnění dosáhnout ve světě více než 310 tisíc TC, s nárůstem o 17,1 % u mužů a 7,1 % u žen ve více rozvinutých, o 58,7 % u mužů a 56,5 % u žen v méně rozvinutých zemích, respektive o 14,1 % a 7,2 % v EU, o 20,4 % a 7,9 % v ČR. Celosvětově byl u žen 3,3krát vyšší počet nových případů a 2,2krát vyšší počet zemřelých než u mužů. Z 184 zemí dosáhli muži i ženy ČR v roce 2008 hrubou incidencí TC 14. nejvyšší hodnoty, z 20 zemí Evropy 9. a 7. hodnoty. Ve věku 65 a více let bylo v roce 2008 ve světě 21,9 % nových případů TC u mužů a 18,5 % u žen, respektive 30,6 % a 26,4 % v ČR, s očekávaným nárůstem o 97 tisíc případů ve světě a 100 případů v ČR v roce 2030. Varující počty TC a ostatních novotvarů by měly podpořit osobní odpovědnost, směřující ke snížení očekávaných statistických údajů., Of the worldwide 213 179 new cases of thyroid cancer (TC) based in Globocan 2008 (IARC) are estimated 46.1 % cases in more developed and 53.9 % in less developed regions, 33 599 in the European Union and 934 in the Czech Republic in 2008; of the worldwide 35 383 deaths there were 27.3 % in more developed and 72.7 % in less developed regions, 3,581 in the European Union and 81 in the Czech Republic. In 2030 the expected new cases can reach more than 310 thousands of TC in the world, increased by 17.1 % in males and 7.1 % in females in more developed, by 58.7 % in males and 56.5 % in females in less developed regions, respectively by 14.1 % and 7.2 % in the European Union, by 20.4 % and 7.9 % in the Czech Republic. The worldwide new cases of TC were 3.3 times higher and deaths 2.2 times higher in females than in males. The Czech males and females reached 14th highest values by crude rate of TC among 184 countries, respectively 9th and 7th among 20 European countries in 2008. The worldwide new cases of TC aged 65 years and over were 21.9 % in males and 18.5 % in females in 2008, respectively 30.6 % and 26.4 % in the Czech Republic with expected increasing by 97 thousands cases in the world and 100 cases in the Czech Republic in 2030. Alarming numbers of TC and other neoplasms, should promote personal responsibility for reducing the expected statistical data., and Edvard Geryk, Teodor Horváth, Petr Kubíček, Radim Štampach
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27165. Očekávání osobního přínosu subjektu z účasti v klinickém hodnocení
- Creator:
- Norková, Olga
- Format:
- braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, léčivé přípravky, schvalování léčiv, klinické zkoušky kontrolované - jako téma--metody--normy--využití, experimenty na lidech--etika--normy--zákonodárství a právo, vztahy mezi výzkumníkem a subjektem--etika, spokojenost pacientů, lékařská etika, altruismus, motivace, and odměna
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Participation of Human Subjects in a Clinical Trial is the fundamental part of Medical Research. Human Subject's participation depends on the willingness of the potential Subjects to volunteer in such a Clinical Trial. The Subject's motivations for the Clinical Trial participation diverse based on the different motivational factors. Patient's deciding whether to participate in a Clinical trial or not is influenced mainly by the current Patient’s health status and the possibility of the available standard therapy in the treatment of a serious or a life-threatening illness. The important role in the Patient decision process takes the close relationship Physician-Patient. There is no consensus among Scientists whether the Patient’s expected therapeutic benefit using the new medicinal product is the most motivational factor for the Clinical trial participation or not. Some of the latter research has concluded that some Patients frequently overestimate the chance of benefit from particular treatment. However the Patient's expectations of the potential therapeutic benefit do not depend on the Patient's correct understandings of the Clinical Trial purpose. The Patient’s willingness to contribute to the progress of medicine and desire to help other Patients is secondary consideration for the Clinical Trial participation which is reported in the medical journals. Especially Patients suffering from a life-threatening illness report altruistic reasons however this will not exclude them to expect the potential personal benefit as well. The indirect costs reimbursement to Patients during the Clinical Trial participation might motivate many potential participants for the Clinical Trial participation. This article sought to present the most frequent Subject's Expected Benefit from the Clinical Trial participation in the context of the Patient being engaged in Medical Research. Gaining a deeper understanding of this topic might be benefited for both Researchers and Physicians., Olga Norková, and Literatura 18
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27166. Očekávání pacientů v oblasti zdravotních služeb (Prezentace závěrů pilotní studie)
- Creator:
- Kalábová, Lenka, Křečková-Tůmová, Naděžda, and Zlámal, Jaroslav
- Format:
- 27-30, electronic, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, biography, and TEXT
- Subject:
- kvalita zdravotní péče, lidé, pilotní projekty, studenti lékařství, spokojenost pacientů, sběr dat, dospělí, staří, staří nad 80 let, ženské pohlaví, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, and mladý dospělý
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The study deals with expectations of patients - future consumers of health care services provided in hospitals. Authors of this study propose about how the fulfilled or unfilled expectations can influence the patient’s satisfaction with provided health care. There is also suggested to what categories those expectations most often belong and to what extent is possible in common conditions of Czech hospitals the patient’s expectations comply, Kalábová L., Křečková Tůmová N., Zlámal J., and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27167. Ochrana památek z pohledu úředníka =
- Creator:
- Mašitová, Petra
- Type:
- text and články
- Subject:
- Územní plánování. Urbanismus. Památková péče, památky průmyslové, památky technické, péče památková, and památková péče, restaurátorství
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- souběžný český a anglický text
- Rights:
- unknown
27168. Ochrana reprodukce u nemocných s Hodgkinovým lymfomem
- Creator:
- Šmardová, Lenka, Huser, Martin, Král, Zdeněk, and Crha, Igor
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- fertilita--účinky léků--účinky záření, lidé, ženské pohlaví, mužské pohlaví, Hodgkinova nemoc--komplikace, asistovaná reprodukce--využití, cytostatické látky--škodlivé účinky, dospělí, analoga gonadoliberinu, kryokonzervace, ovariální dysfunkce, testikulární dysfunkce, and fertilita
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Protinádorová léčba zanechává často trvalé následky, mezi nejčastější patří právě neplodnost na základě ireverzibilního poškození gonád. V přehledovém článku jsou shrnuty současné možnosti ochrany reprodukce u mužů i žen s Hodgkinovým lymfomem podstupujících onkologickou léčbu., Oncological therapy often entails a permanent disability, one of the most frequent is infertility based on the irreversible damage to gonads. In the summary article there are summarized the contemporary possibilities of the protection of testicular and ovarian functions in the Hodgkin´s lymphoma patients undergoing the oncological treatment., Lenka Šmardová, Martin Huser, Zdeněk Král, Igor Crha, and Lit.: 13
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27169. Ochrana státní hranice v 50. letech 20. století /
- Type:
- text and monografie kolektivní
- Subject:
- Vojenství. Obrana země. Ozbrojené síly, hranice státní, ochrana hranic, české (československé) sborníky a kolektivní monografie, Československo 1948-1969, armáda, vojenské složky, vojáci, and dějiny správy
- Language:
- Czech, English, German, and Slovak
- Rights:
- unknown
27170. Ochrana státní hranice v 50. letech 20. století /
- Type:
- text and monografie kolektivní
- Subject:
- Vojenství. Obrana země. Ozbrojené síly, hranice státní, ochrana hranic, české (československé) sborníky a kolektivní monografie, Československo 1948-1969, armáda, vojenské složky, vojáci, and dějiny správy
- Language:
- Czech, English, German, and Slovak
- Rights:
- unknown