Hlavní stanovisko práce: Nově odvozená chemorezistentní buněčná linie karcinomu močového měchýře jako experimentální model pro studium mechanizmů mnohočetné terapeutické rezistence pokročilých nádorů močového měchýře. Cíl: Cílem práce bylo odvodit a charakterizovat novou progresivní chemorezistentní buněčnou linii uroteliálního karcinomu. Materiál a metody: Mateřská buněčná linie uroteliálního karcinomu BC44 byla odvozena z papilárně diferencované části pokročilého karcinomu močového měchýře (pT4 G3) a z ní ustanovená dceřiná linie BC44DoxoR byla získána selekcí rezistentních klonů po aplikaci zvyšujících se koncentrací doxorubicinu. Mikroskopická analýza chemorezistentního fenotypu byla fotograficky dokumentována po aplikaci jednotlivých cytostatik (doxorubicin, metotrexát, vinblastin, cisplatina a gemcitabin). Pro stanovení viability buněk v prostředí různých koncentrací cytostatik byl použit test funkce mitochondriálních dehydrogenáz. Ke kvantitativnímu vyhodnocení mitochondriální funkce byla využita metoda absorpční spektrofotometrie a výsledné naměřené hodnoty absorbancí byly zhodnoceny pomocí neparametrického Mann- -Whitney U testu pro hladinu významnosti α = 0,05. Výsledky: Podařilo se nám odvodit z mateřské buněčné linie karcinomu močového měchýře BC44 dceřinou buněčnou linii BC44DoxoR, která vykazuje mnohočetnou lékovou rezistenci vůči všem cytostatikům používaným ve standardní systémové chemoterapii uroteliálního karcinomu (doxorubicin, metotrexát, vinblastin, cisplatina a gemcitabin). Závěr: Nově ustanovená chemorezistentní nádorová buněčná linie BC44DoxoR představuje cenný modelový systém, jehož další molekulární analýza může přinést důležité nové poznatky pro pochopení terapeutické rezistence pokročilých nádorů močového měchýře, Major statement: New chemoresistant urothelial bladder cancer cell line as an experimental model for studying the mechanisms of multidrug resistance in advanced bladder cancer. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish and characterize a new multidrug resistant urothelial cancer cell line. Materials and methods: The parental cancer cell line BC44 was previously established from the large exophytic and better differentiated papillary part of a progressive tumor (pT4 G3) of a female patient. The daughter cell line BC44DoxoR has been derived by prolonged culture in increasing doxorubicin concentrations. Morphological response of parental and daughter cells after application of the individual drugs (doxorubicin, methotrexate, vinblastine, cisplatin, and gemcitabine) has been followed by phase-contrast microscopy. Cell viability has been determined using mitochondrial dehydrogenases assay and quantified by absorption spectrophotometry. Man-Whitney U Test (significance level α = 0.05) has been applied for statistical evaluation. Results: The derivative cell line BC44DoxoR exhibited chemoresistance to all cytostatics tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a multidrug resistant urothelial carcinoma cell line. Conclusion: The new multidrug resistant urothelial bladder cancer cell line could provide important new insights into understanding the therapeutic resistance of advanced bladder cancer., Michaela Kripnerová, Pavel Dvořák, Martin Pešta, Jitka Kuncová, Tomáš Vlas, Martin Leba, Luboš Holubec, Jiří Hatina, and Literatura
Two species of the North American genus Oenothera are reported as aliens in the Czech Republic. A population of O. coronifera consisting of ca. 30 plants at various phenological stages, from rosettes to flowering plants, was found in 2001 at the railway station in the town of Zliv, district of České Budějovice, S Bohemia. The species was probably introduced via the railway and is the first record of this species for the Czech Republic. A single plant of O. stricta, previously reported from the bank of the Vltava river in Prague, in 1825, was found as a weed in a private garden in the village of Vroutek, district of Louny, N Bohemia, in 2000. This is the second record of this species from the Czech Republic in 175 years. The seed of O. stricta was probably introduced to the site from abroad and the record suggests that the occurrence of casual alien plants is highly unpredictable. It is argued that botanists studying alien plants, given their special interest in sites where these plants occur, may directly contribute to the enrichment of checklists of national alien floras.
The aim of this study project was to prepare our own method of porcine oesophageal manometry. Ten mature experimental pigs entered the study. Conventional water-perfused system was decided for manometry. Porcine resting and relaxed pressures of the lower oesophageal sphincter are fully comparable with healthy human subjects. Evocable swallowing is doable and oesophageal peristalsis is quantifiable. Basic manometric parameters were different in male and female animals. Oesophageal manometry in experimental pigs is feasible. Porcine oesophageal manometry will be usable for preclinical studies in future. and I. Tachecí, V. Radochová, J. Květina, S. Rejchrt, M. Kopáčová, J. Bureš
Bilateral lesions of the dorsal part of the septal area were produced in the brain of female rats of Wistar and Long-Evans stocks. The cytogram of their vaginal smears was evaluated repeatedly from the 30th day after surgery and permanent impairment of their oestrous cycle was found. In comparison with intact control females, oestrous phases were detected more frequently whereas dioestrous phases were observed less frequently. The proportions between the individual periods of the oestrous phase (i.e. pro-oestrus, oestrus and metoestrus) were equal in both septal and intact animals. Mo difference was found between the rat stocks used. Similarly, the previous life history of the rats which had been housed either in a socially impoverished environment (i. e. single cages) or in large communities (colonies) exerted no influence upon the postoperative impairment of the oestrous cycle.
Mongolian gerbils are territorial and live in family groups with established, stable male-female pairs. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether locomotor activity indicates female receptivity, and to evaluate the impact of a male on the stability of the female sexual cycle. To prevent gravidity, males were sterilised by vasectomy. Nevertheless, they behaved like intact males, displayed copulatory behaviour, and had normal mean serum testosterone levels of 1.1±0.2 ng/ml. Oestrus caused modulations in the activity pattern and hence influenced locomotor activity; female receptivity was reflected by an advance in the onset of activity. Male presence led to prolonged and irregular oestrus cycles in females. Three pairs were stable and nearly no attacks occurred for nine months. However, in four pairs, females suddenly attacked males. Males displayed flight and appeasement behaviours, but two died within 24 hours, and two were severely injured and had to be separated. Two of these females were paired again to other vasectomised males, but killed their cagemates after 3.5 and 12.5 weeks, respectively. In total, six of nine pairs were disrupted by female aggression, four males were killed and two males were separated but presumably would have otherwise died. Females presumably detected male infertility by repeated unsuccessful matings without sperm transmission and/or by physical impairments due to repeated pseudopregnancy. As a result they no longer invested in pair bonds that would eventually diminish their reproductive fitness.