Východiska: Metody léčby klasické trigeminální neuralgie (cTN) isou rozličné stejně jako jejich patofyziologie. Pacienti s cTN, u kterých nebyla medikamentózni léčba účinná nebo vyvolala nežádoucí Účinky, jsou kandidáty chirurgické léčby. 07; Prezentace výsledků léčby 1775 pacientů s cTN léčených perkutánní radiofrekvenční rizotomií (pRFR). Je rovněž diskutován současný stav chirurgické léčby cTN. Metodika: V období od 1983 do 2001 bylo v Neurochirurgickém ústavu v Bělehradě metodou pRFR léčeno 1775 pacientů s onemocněním cTN. Autoři analyzovali inidální a dlouhodobě výsledky, tr jako např. vliv rozličných typů cTN, dosažení faciální hypestezie po pRFR a předchozích chirurgických procedur v trigeminové oblasti na výsledky léčení. Výsledky: Dobrých iniciálních výsledků bylo docíleno u 96 % pacientů; recidivita po 5 letech se objevila u 21 % pacientů. Výsledky byly úspěšnější U pacientů, kteří prodělali krátkodobou, epizodickou, ostrou bolest v porovnání s těmi, jejichž bolesti zahrnovaly i složku stálé, tupé bolesti. Úvodní stupeň a doba trvání faciální hypestezie vyvolané pRFR nejen zvýšila úspěšnost ve zmírnění bolesti, ale také tíži neurologických komplikací. Závěr: pRFR nebo operace gamma nožem jsou doporučovány jako metody první volby v rámci chirurgické léčby pacientů s cTN. Mikrovaskulámí dekomprese by měla být zvážena u mladších pacientů s jednoznačnou neuroradiologickou diagnózou neurovaskulámí komprese v oblasti trigeminal root entry zone, nebo po selhání peí perkutánních neurochirurgických procedur., Background: Treatment of classic trigeminal neuralgia (cTN) has been as diverse as explanations of its pathophysiology. The patients with cTN refractory to medical treatment are candidates for surgical procedures. Aims: We report our results on 1775 patients treated for cTN with percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy (pRFR). We also discuss the current state of surgical management of cTN. Methods: In the period from 1983 to 2001, 1775 patients underwent pRFR for relief of cTN at the Institute of Neurosurgery in Belgrade. The authors analyzed the initial results and long-term follow- up data, such as the influence of different types of cTN, achieved facial hypesthesia after pRFR and prior trigeminal surgical procedures on the treatment outcome. Results: Initial positive results were obtained in 96% of the patients, while the recurrence rate after five years accounted for 21%, taking into consideration the whole series. Better results were achieved in patients with short episodic, sharp pain than in patients suffering from pain containing a more constant, throbbing component. Unfortunately, the initial degree and duration of facial hypesthesia provoked by pRFR, not only increased the success in pain relief, but also the degree of neurological complications. Conclusion: We recommend pRFR or gamma knife surgery (GK) as the first procedure for surgical treatment in majority of patients suffering from cTN. Microvascular decompression (MVD) should be considered for younger patients with clear radiological diagnosis of neurovascular compression at the trigeminal root entry zone or after failed percutaneous neurolytic procedures., Eugen Slavík, D. Radulović, and Lit. 36
Mediální dialog ztrácí některé rysy přirozeného dialogu tváří v tvář, který leží v jeho půdorysu, a získává rysy další, neboť komunikace tu přestupuje přes hranice primární řečové situace. Televizní dialog je dialog veřejný, který se vede před diváckým publikem a pro toto publikum. Divák je nejen svědkem, ale pravým cílem, k němuž je dialog směrován. Stať analyzuje komunikační situaci, při níž jsou ve studiu přítomni redaktor a dva hosté, představitelé různých profesí a názorových proudů (ekonom a ekoložka) i různých stanovisek к určité otázce (globalizace). Redaktor se obrací s otázkami střídavě к oběma. aby je vzájemně konfrontoval a spor vyhrotil. Dotazovaní hosté se snaží nejen odpovídat na otázky redaktora (to je jejich základní role v interview), ale i zpochybňovat či přímo vyvracet odpovědi druhého z hostí (role často neméně důležitá). Hosté komunikují nejen s redaktorem, ale komunikují i mezi sebou navzájem, ať už skrytě, či zjevně, s cílem získat diváka na svou stranu. Stať analyzuje toto interview v souvislosti s otázkou typologie debat a debat založených na konfliktu zájmů a konfliktu hodnot.
We consider a chaotic system with a double-scroll attractor proposed by Elwakil, composing with a second-order system, which has low-dimensional multiple invariant subspaces and multi-level on-off intermittency. This type of composite system always includes a skew-product structure and some invariant subspaces, which are associated with different levels of laminar phase. In order for the level of laminar phase be adjustable, we adopt a nonlinear function with saturation characteristic to tune the range of a certain state variable so that the number and position of the laminar phase level can be arbitrarily controlled. We find that there exist many interesting statistical characteristics in this complex system, such as the probability distribution of the laminar lengths with -3/2 exponent in the power law and random jumping of the system trajectories.
The aim of this study was to evaluate cell diversity by considering
how Ca2+ signaling has been adapted in skeletal muscle cell
function. We characterized single C2C12 myoblasts through
intracellular Ca2+ signaling kinetics after exposure to specific
drugs and calcium blockers using fast fluorescence
microspectrofluorimetry followed by ATP effect analysis, which
confirmed the expression of functional purinergic adenosine and
P2 receptors. Further, we found that glutamate sensitivity of
C2C12 cells was mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors; on
the other hand, most cells were responsive to cyclopiazonic acid,
which inhibits the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
pump. These results suggest that C2C12 cells possess functional
L- and P/Q-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, ryanodine
receptors and functional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores
(typical for muscle cells), adenosine and P2 purinergic receptors,
as well as ionotropic glutamate receptors. The evaluation of
intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a promising approach towards
a better understanding and control of the physiopathological
properties of myogenic cells that could be used as a predictive
factor in the selection of optimal cells for scaffold recellularization
or for tissue engineered constructs used in stem cell therapy.
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), secondary air pollutant (SAP) and a product of photooxidation of volatile chlorinated C-i-hydrocarbons has phytotoxic properties and negatively influences on the state of forest health in general. The present knowledge shows the uptake of TCA by the spruce from the atmosphere by precipitation over soil, roots, and transpiration stream up into needles, where it effects the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant. To judge the role of TCA in forest ecosystems its effects along with other stressors must be followed. Those include, above all, emissions of sulphur oxides and fluoride from burning energetic coal. From monitoring the selected stressors - the content of total sulphur, fluorine and chlorine besides TCA - in spruce needles on selected stands, a positive correlation between the needle loss (as a measure of the spruce forest damage) and the content of S, F, and TCA was found. In this way the negative effect of TCA was conflrmed.
Solving inverted pendulum by co-simulation between multi-body solver MotionSolve and signal processing control in solidThinking Activate. The simulation of inverted pendulum uses an innovative model of friction which is physically and mathematically more accurate than usual CAE friction models. This model of friction adds nonlinearity to the system. Two types of controlling mechanism for active balancing of inverted pendulum are used: PID and ANN controller. A non-traditional false angular deviation approach for returning a cart to its initial position was used.
Clinical oncologists have been focusing their efforts on attempting to define risk groups of patients with unusual biological reactions to the recommended therapy regimens using molecular biology techniques. The aims of our study were: (i) to find a design and validate a method for fast and reliable analysis of the D1853N (5557G>A) genetic polymorphism in the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) gene; (ii) to use side-directed mutagenesis to generate ATM 5557A-positive DNA (reference ATM5557A DNA); and (iii) to analyze a group of patients suffering from cervical carcinoma with adverse responses to radiotherapy. The 5557A variant was found in three of twenty women (15%). Our data show that the prevalence of the 5557A allelic variant in cervical cancer subjects with adverse responses after irradiation probably does not differ from the prevalence common in Caucasians. A larger population study should confirm these preliminary results., Martin Beránek, Monika Drastíková, Simona Paulíková, Igor Sirák, Milan Vošmik, Jiří Petera, and Literatura 31
a1_Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with synchronized spirometry we an alyzed and compared diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Breathing cycles of 16 healthy subjects were examined using a dynamic sequence (77 slices in sagittal plane during 20 s, 1NSA, 240x256, TR4.48, TE2.24, FA90, TSE1, FOV 328). The amplitude of movement of the apex and dorsal costophren ic angle of the diaphragm were measured for two test conditions: tidal breathing and voluntary breath holding. The maximal inferior and superior positions of the diaphragm were subtracted from the corresponding positions during voluntary movements while breath holding. The average amplitude of inferio-superior mo vement of the diaphragm apex during tidal breathing was 27.3±10.2 mm (mean ± SD), and during voluntary movement while breath holding was 32.5±16.2 mm. Movement of the costophrenic angle was 39±17.6 mm during tidal breathing and 45.5±21.2 mm during voluntary movement while breath holding. The inferior position of the diaphragm was lower in 11 of 16 subjects (68.75 %) and identical in 2 of 16 (12.5 %) subj ects during voluntary movement compared to the breath holding. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate that movement of the costophrenic angle and apex of the diaphragm ha d a linear relationship in both examined situations (r=0.876). A correlation was found between the amplitude of diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and lung volume (r=0.876). The amplitude of movement of the diaphragm with or without breathing showed no correlation to each other (r=0.074). The moveme nt during tidal breathing shows a correlation with the changes in lung volumes. Dynamic MRI demonstrated that individuals are capable of moving their diaphragm voluntarily, but the amplitude of movement differs from person to person., a2_In this study, the movements of the diaphragm apex and the costophr enic angle were synchronous during voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Although the sample is small, this study confirms that the function of the diaphragm is not only respiratory but also postural and can be voluntarily controlled., P. Kolář, J. Neuwirth, J. Šanda, V. Suchánek, Z. Svatá, J. Volejník, M. Pivec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The physical properties of tidal gravimetric instruments allow recording, not only tidal effects, but also waves generated by earthquakes. Three gravimetric stations with determined transfer functions and co-located seismic stations from the observatories in Western and Central Europe were selected for analysis. The observatories are equipped with almost all types of sensors available on the market, which allow for thorough analysis of earthquake recordings in the period range of 10–1000 s. In total, over 10,000 traces of worldwide earthquakes were investigated. The saturation levels of gravimeters as well as a correlation between the gravimetric and seismometric signals of an earthquake were carefully analysed. A simple processing scheme of gravimetric signal of earthquakes was adopted thanks to the probabilistic power spectral density analysis of continuous recordings. The detail analysis of transfer function of gravimeters allowed to define a period range when a sensitivity coefficient (calibration factor) and a time lag value only can be used to properly describe the properties of instruments. What’s more, it has been shown based on the calculated group-velocity dispersion curves of fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves, that the Earth’s mantle structure can be determined for greater depths from the recording of tidal gravimeters than from typical broad-band seismometers.
In this study, a new approach based on the consideration that electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are chaotic signals was presented for automated diagnosis of electroencephalographic changes. This consideration was tested successfully using the nonlinear dynamics tools, like the computation of Lyapunov exponents. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) architectures were formulated and used as basis for detection of electroencephalographic changes. Three types of EEG signals (EEG signals recorded from healthy volunteers with eyes open, epilepsy patients in the epileptogenic zone during a seizure-free interval, and epilepsy patients during epileptic seizures) were classified. The computed Lyapunov exponents of the EEG signals were used as inputs of the MLPNNs trained with backpropagation, delta-bar-delta, extended delta-bar-delta, quick propagation, and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms. The performances of the MLPNN classifiers were evaluated in terms of training performance and classification accuracies. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performance of the detection process. The results confirmed that the proposed MLPNN trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm has potentiality in detecting the electroencephalographic changes.