A new species of caligid copepod (Siphonostomatoida), Anuretes grandis sp. п., parasitic on the painted sweetlips [Diagrammapictum (Thunberg)] in Taiwan is described. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having: (1) free margin of céphalothorax not covering fourth pediger, (2) large genital complex longer than 2/3 of the cephalic shield, (3) no maxillary whip, (4) leg 3 with 9 setae on the terminal segment of exopod and 8 plumose setae on the terminal segment of endopod, and (5) armature of I,III on leg 4 exopod. Genus Anuretes Heller, 1865 is reviewed and redefined. Based on the new diagnosis three species (A. chelatus Prahha et Pillai, A. fedderni Price and A. parvulus Wilson) were transferred to Pseudanureles, and two species (A.furcatus Capart and A. renalis Ileegaard) were transferred to Lepeophtheirus. In addition, the following three species of caligids were transferred to Anuretes: Lepeophtheirus fallolunulus Lewis, Heniochophilus indicus Pillai, and Lepeophtheirus rotundigenitalis Prabha et Pillai. The latter is renamed Anuretes occullus nom. n. due to the homonym encountered through this transfer. “Anuretes plectorhynchi Yamaguti” reported by Prabha and Pillai (1986) is renamed Anuretes similis sp. n. and Anuretes yamagutii Prabha et Pillai is relegated to the synonym of Anuretes anomalus Pillai. A key to the 18 species of Anuretes is provided.
Ani po 40 letech intenzivního vývoje chlopenních protéz není k dispozici ideální náhrada lidské chlopně. Jednou z alternativ zůstává aortální alograft, který může být použit zejména k náhradě aortální či pulmonální chlopně. Tato biologická protéza je stále diskutována z aspektu zpracování tkáně (Tissue Banking) i z aspektu klinického použití ? tedy chirurgické techniky implantace a dlouhodobých výsledků. Aktuální zůstává zejména implantace do aortální pozice. Autoři diskutují užití aortálního alograftu v léčbě infekční endokarditidy aortální chlopně, které je celosvětově rozšířeno a uznáváno. Implantace aortálního alograftu je na řadě pracovišť pokládána za metodu volby v této indikaci, zejména u protézové aortální endokarditidy a u endokarditidy destruující výtokový trakt levé komory srdeční. Metoda je sice technicky náročnější než implantace klasických chlopenních protéz (mechanických i biologických), ale literární údaje i vlastní zkušenosti autorů jsou speciálně v této indikaci velmi povzbudivé. Aortální alotransplantáty jsou v naší zemi trvale dostupné., Aleš Mokráček, Jaroslav Špatenka, M. Šulda, and Lit. 22
Tento článek je určen geriatrům, praktikům, internistům i kardiologům, aby staří nemocní, kteří trpí aortální stenózou, byli zavčas diagnostikováni, správně vyšetřeni a aby byla nalezena optimální léčba. A samozřejmé v prvé řadě je publikace věnována nemocným s aortální stenózou, kteří jsou v pokročilém věku, neboť těch se uvedeně lékařské postupy týkají nejvíce., This article is dedicated to geriatritians, internists and cardiologists to early diagnose, properly investigate and find an optimal treatment for elderly patients suffering from aortal stenosis. And of course, this publication is dedicated especially to patients with aortal stenosis at an advanced age because the mentioned medical procedures concern them the most., Roman Čerbák, and Lit. 21
Despite the fact that vessels have sparse cholinergic innervation, acetylcholine (ACh), the primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system, has been commonly used in physiological experiments to assess vascular function. ACh is hydrolyzed by two cholinesterases (ChE), namely acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). However, little is known about these enzymes in blood vessels. The aim of the project was to characterize the expression and activity of ChE in rat aorta. As the effect of ACh on vascular tone depends on the presence of endothelium, Wistar rats were used as a model with intact endothelium and spontaneously hypertensive rats as a model of impaired endothelial function. Relative expressions of both ChE in different parts of the aorta were determined using RT-qPCR. Enzyme activities were assessed in tissue homogenates by Ellman's assay. Here we showed that both ChE are present in each part of rat aorta, while mRNA is more abundant for BChE than for AChE, irrespective of aortic compartment or genotype. Normotensive Wistar rats possess higher aortic mRNA expression and activity of BChE compared to SHR. We concluded that BChE is the dominant type of ChE in rat aorta and it might play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone., Kristína Szmicseková, Lenka Bies Piváčková, Zuzana Kiliánová, Ľubica Slobodová, Peter Křenek, Anna Hrabovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Human post-edited test sentences for the WMT 2017 Automatic post-editing task. This consists in 2,000 English sentences belonging to the IT domain and already tokenized. Source and target segments can be downloaded from: https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/repository/xmlui/handle/11372/LRT-2132. All data is provided by the EU project QT21 (http://www.qt21.eu/).
Atrial fibrillation is associated with atrial remodeling, in which connexin 43 (Cx43) and cell hypertrophy play important roles. In this study, apelin-13, an aliphatic peptide, was used to explore the protective effects of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling pathway on Cx43 expression and autophagy, using murine atrial HL-1 cells. The expression of Cx43, AMPK, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and pathway-related proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. Cellular fluorescence imaging was used to visualize Cx43 distribution and the cytoskeleton. Our results showed that the Cx43 expression was significantly decreased in HL-1 cells treated with angiotensin II but increased in cells additionally treated with apelin-13. Meanwhile, apelin-13 decreased BNP expression and increased AMPK expression. However, the expression of Cx43 and LC3 increased by apelin-13 was inhibited by treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. In addition, rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, promoted the development of autophagy, further inhibited the protective effect on Cx43 expression and increased cell hypertrophy. Thus, apelin-13 enhances Cx43 expression and autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and serving as a potential therapeutic target for atrial fibrillation., Yifan Chen, Xi Qiao, Lijun Zhang, Xuewen Li, Qinghua Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A laboratory study was conducted to examine tritrophic effects on the suitability of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and tobacco aphid, Myzus persicae nicotianae (Blackman & Eastop), as prey for the two spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (L.), when the aphids were reared on either sweet pepper or tobacco. Significant host plant-aphid interactions were evident for every component of development (juvenile survival, developmental time, adult mass at emergence) and reproduction (pre-oviposition period, fecundity, fertility). By almost all measures, the suitability of each aphid species was improved by rearing on its host plant of origin and diminished by rearing on the alternative host plant. The symmetry of the interactions are suggestive of both positive and negative host plant effects on aphid suitability as prey. Whereas M. p. nicotianae may be better able than M. persicae to detoxify the nicotine that is likely responsible for the reduced suitability of M. persicae when reared on tobacco, it appears to have lower nutritive value for A. bipunctata than M. persicae when reared on pepper. Thus, population parameters (R0, rm, l and DT) derived from performance data indicated that M. persicae reared on sweet pepper was the most suitable prey and that the same species reared on tobacco was the least suitable, with other host plant-aphid combinations intermediate., Mohammad A. Jalali, J.P. Michaud., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The influence of cucumber offered as a host plant either alone or with Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was studied on the various life table and biological characteristics of the predatory bug Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae). The nymphal development was studied at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C while adult performance was assessed at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C, using a 16L : 8D photoperiod and 65 ± 5% r.h. Nymphs completed their development at all temperatures except at 35°C. Nymphal development took significantly longer time in the absence than in the presence of prey at 20 and 25°C, but the reverse was true at 15°C. Nymphal mortality was highest at 15°C in the presence of prey and it was mainly recorded at the first and second stages. Females oviposited a small number of eggs at all temperatures but not at 30°C in the absence of prey. The average number of eggs per female was almost similar with or without prey, being highest at 20°C, and adult longevity was highest at 15°C. The results concerning population parameters clearly showed that cucumber with or without prey can not support a population increase of M. pygmaeus. However, it seems that A. gossypii on cucumber inhibits development of M. pygmaeus more than when this aphid species is not present. This adverse effect on this host plant-prey system possibly results from the particular aphid genotype on cucumber, leading to high nymphal mortality, reduced fecundity and short adult life-span of M. pygmaeus.