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4282. Aspirační cytologie štítné žlázy
- Creator:
- Čáp, Jan and Ryška, Aleš
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- nádory štítné žlázy--diagnóza--patologie--terapie, jehlová biopsie--kontraindikace--metody, prediktivní hodnota testů, algoritmy, tyreoidektomie--metody, lidé, and financování organizované
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Tenkojehlová aspirační cytologie patří dnes k základnímu vyšetření v tyreologii. Indikací je zejména uzel ve štítné žláze k vyloučení malignity. Ukázalo se, že riziko malignity u daného nemocného je stejné při přítomnosti více uzlů jako u nálezu uzlu jednoho. Ultrazvukové charakteristiky jsou pro určení povahy ložiska nedostatečné a všechny přítomné uzly větší než 10 mm jsou indikací k punkci. Z ostatních afekcí je aspirační cytologie indikována u granulomatózní tyroiditidy, u Hashimotovy tyroiditidy většinou jen při přítomnosti uzlu. Kromě jasně benigních a jasně maligních výsledků spadá nezanedbatelná část cytologických závěrů do šedé zóny suspektních (nejednoznačných) nálezů. Všechny jsou indikací k histologickému ověření a predikční hodnota těchto výsledků závisí na jejich typu. U folikulární neoplazie je asi 20 % a peroperační histologie nemá smysl. Volíme proto většinou hemityreoidektomii a další postup je dán definitivní histologií., Jan Čáp, Aleš Ryška, and Lit. 43
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4283. Aspiration syndromes and associated lung injury: incidence, pathophysiology and management
- Creator:
- Košutova, Petra and Mikolka, Pavol
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- aspiration syndromes, aspiration pneumonitis, aspiration pneumonia, acute lung injury, and pathophysiology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Aspiration is a common condition affecting healthy or sick patients which could create an acute or chronic inflammatory reaction in the lungs. Aspiration syndromes could be categorized according to a content entering the respiratory system into bacterial aspiration pneumonia with the gastric or oropharyngeal bacteria entering, aspiration chemical pneumonitis with bacteriafreegastric acid aspiration, or aspiration of a foreign body which causes an acute pulmonary emergency. There are differences in the clinical presentation of volume-dependent aspirations (microaspiration and macroaspiration): the higher is the volume of aspiration, the greater is the injury to the patient and more serious are the health consequences (with 70 % mortality rate for hospitalized patients). Aspiration syndromes can affect both the airways and pulmonary parenchyma, leading to acute lung injury, increased hospitalization rate and worse outcomes in critically ill patients. Impaired alveolar-capillary permeability, oedema formation, neutrophilic inflammatory response and pulmonary surfactant inactivation lead to reduced lung compliance and loss of aerated lung tissue and give rise to hypoxemia and respiratory failure. This review discusses the effect of aspiration events on the pulmonary tissue. The main focus is to distinguish the differences between bacterial and chemical pneumonia, their clinical presentation and symptoms, risk factors of developing the changes, possibilities of diagnostics and management as well as prevention of aspirations. Because of a risk of serious lung damage after the aspiration, pathophysiology and processes leading to lung tissue injury are discussed in detail. Data sources represent a systematic literature search using relevant medical subject headings
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4284. Aspirin resistance in neurovascular diseases
- Creator:
- Vališ, Martin, Krajíčková, Dagmar, Malý, Jaroslav, Malý, Radovan, Fátorová, Ilona, Vyšata, Oldřich, and Herzig, Roman
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- staří, Aspirin--farmakologie, cerebrovaskulární poruchy--farmakoterapie, léková rezistence, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, inhibitory agregace trombocytů--farmakologie, and prevalence
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- INTRODUCTION: The issue of resistance to antiplatelet therapy has raised many questions in the area of neurovascular diseases. The first objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance in neurovascular patients with clinical non-responsiveness to aspirin treatment and a high-risk of atherothrombotic complications using two interpretable and independent methods (aggregation and PFA 100). The second objective was to find the correlation between both assays and to evaluate the results in groups at risk for various cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Laboratory tests of aspirin resistance were performed in 79 patients with clinical non-responsiveness to aspirin treatment suffering from neurovascular diseases. Patients were divided into the two groups: expected low risk for aspirin resistance due to the first manifestation of a neurovascular disease (n = 34) and expected high risk due to the second clinical manifestation of a neurovascular disease (n = 45). RESULTS: The prevalence of aspirin resistance in both groups combined as determined by the PFA-100 and CPG techniques were 50.6% and 17.7%, respectively. No correlation was found between the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: No significant prevalence of aspirin resistance was demonstrated by either method despite the heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms. However, we are presently unable to provide an accurate opinion on the value of laboratory test result or routine monitoring in clinical neurology. and M. Vališ, D. Krajíčková, J. Malý, R. Malý, I. Fátorová, O. Vyšata, R. Herzig
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4285. Aspleium platyneuron, a new pteridophyte for Europe
- Creator:
- Ekrt, Libor and Hrivnák, Richard
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- alien species, Appalachian Asplenium complex, Central Europe, ferns, long distance dispersal, serpentines, and Slovakia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Eleven plants of Asplenium platyneuron (ebony spleenwort) were found in disturbed serpentine woodland in south-central Slovakia (Central Europe). This find represents a new addition to the fern flora of Europe. It is probably the result of long-distance spore dispersal. The nearest known sites for this species are those in eastern North America, about 6500 km away. The important determination characters of A. platyneuron are described, the Slovakian locality characterized and an overview of the ecology and a map of the worldwide distribution of this species provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
4286. Assailants on the Bench for the Accused: Cases of Violence Against Jews at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries at the Regional Criminal Courts in Brno (Brünn) and Uherské Hradiště (Ungarisch-Hradisch) /
- Creator:
- Řepa, Milan,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Trestní právo, Židé, antisemitismus, násilí, soudnictví trestní, české země 1848-1914, antisemitismus, perzekuce, pogromy, and ústavní a právní dějiny
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
4287. Assassination :
- Publisher:
- Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic,
- Type:
- monografie
- Subject:
- Dějiny Česka a Slovenska, Heydrich, Reinhard,, atentáty politické, okupace nacistická, odboj druhý (protifašistický), odboj zahraniční, Československo 1938-1945, and odboj, odpor, antifašismus, antikomunismus
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
4288. Assaying ores at Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Alsace, France) in the 16th century: :
- Creator:
- Gauthier, Joseph
- Type:
- studie
- Subject:
- Dějiny Francie a Monaka, těžba stříbra, dějiny hornictví, hornictví, těžba rud, dějiny techniky, prubířství, Francie, světové dějiny 1492-1648, průmysl, manufaktury, hornictví, pivovary, and dějiny přírodních věd
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Prubířství v Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Alsasko, Francie) v 16. století: šíření a úloha technických inovací.
- Rights:
- unknown
4289. Assembly neural network with nearest-neighbor recognition algorithm
- Creator:
- Goltsev, Alexander , Húsek, Dušan, and Frolov, Alexander
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Assembly neural network, unsupervised learning, binary Hebbian rule pattern recognition, texture segmentation, and classification
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An assembly neural network based on the binary Hebbian rule is suggested for pattern recognition. The network consists of several sub-networks according to the number of classes to be recognized. Each sub-network consists of several neural columns according to the dimensionality of the signal space so that the value of each signal component is encoded by activity of adjacent neurons of the column. A new recognition algorithm is presented which realizes the nearest-neighbor method in the assembly neural network. Computer simulation of the network is performed. The model is tested on a texture segmentation task. The experiments have demonstrated that the network is able to segment reasonably real-world texture images.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4290. Assembly rules for ground beetle communities: What determines community structure, environmental factors or competition?
- Creator:
- Shibuya, Sonomi, Kubota, Kohei, Ohsawa, Masahiko, and Kikvidze, Zaal
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Carabidae, ground beetles, community structure, assembly rules, environmental factors, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Species assembly in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities in local microhabitats was studied in a forest. The following questions were addressed: are there important filters that sort the species in the assemblages? If so, what is the specific nature of these filters? In order to address these questions rarefaction analysis was used to determine whether ground beetle species are distributed non-randomly. Next, the nature of filters was determined by analyzing (1) the community matrix and searching for the consequences of competitive exclusion and (2) species-environmental relations. Rarefaction analysis revealed that the species composition is filtered: species richness was less than expected and there were fewer than expected congeneric species coexisting at high beetle population densities. However, community matrix and body size analyses did not detect significant competition among the beetle species and the matrix was significantly nested. Species-environmental analyses indicated that the ground beetle assembly was strongly linked to ground vegetation. It is concluded that spatial distribution of ground beetles across local communities in this forest habitat is determined more by local environmental conditions than competition, and ground beetles do not interact strongly among themselves so that competitive effects do not play an important role in their distribution except at high beetle population densities. and Sonomi Shibuya, Kohei Kubota, Masahiko Ohsawa, Zaal Kikvidze.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public