Irreversible behavior of the ground or a rock mass encompasses both the transition of the ground over a peak strength and further development of the nonreversible movement and deformation. The irreversible ground movement is traditionally considered as the transition to chaos. However the moving ground passes through itself the energy of ground pressure, thermal energy, and exchanges by substances with surrounding rock mass. According to thermodynamics of irreversible processes, such a non-equilibrium ground behavior may create dissipative structures that are the embodiment of self-organization. The paper describes the results of the structures investigation, which have been unveiled with incremental fields of the irreversible ground movement during a landslide development and underground roadway maintenance. These structures were evolving from close interaction of the separate blocks or fragments of the ground and distant cooperation of the short-lived clusters that were periodically rearranging in time and space as the irreversible ground movement started and progressed. Extant techniques restrain basically one prevalent component of the irreversible ground movement. The other two collateral transversal components were usually ignored. However, blocking of these transverse components can prevent the development of a dangerous irreversible movement of the ground and a rock mass.
The present study devises two techniques for visualizing biological sequence data clusterings. The Sequence Data Density Display (SDDD) and Sequence Likelihood Projection (SLP) visualizations represent the input symbolical sequences in a lower-dimensional space in such a way that the clusters and relations of data elements are preserved as faithfully as possible. The resulting unified framework incorporates directly raw symbolical sequence data (without necessitating any preprocessing stage), and moreover, operates on a pure unsupervised basis under complete absence of prior information and domain knowledge.
Set of events from West Bohemian 2008 seismic swarm with known source mechanisms is processed. The events or their slips respectively are clustered into two groups: (i) principal events with slip laying in the main fault plane and (ii) complementary events deviating from that plane. From those slips we constructed image of slip distribution (a new way of data/slip presentation) and from slip distribution and variations we hypothesized about foci zone properties. Namely, we propose that western block is more rigid and compact; the eastern block appears to be constituted from several sub blocks which can interact with each other during the swarm course. Our hypothesis is supported by similar image constructed from relative rupture velocities, which we consider as independent data. The proposed structural model agrees with the existence of the different observed types of source mechanisms. and Kolář Petr, Boušková Alena.
This paper addresses the problem of clustering in large sets discussed in the context of financial time series. The goal is to divide stock market trading rules into several classes so that all the trading rules within the same class lead to similar trading decisions in the same stock market conditions. It is achieved using Kohonen self-organizing maps and the K-means algorithm. Several validity indices are used to validate and assess the clustering. Experiments were carried out on 350 stock market trading rules observed over a period of 1300 time instants.
The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a popular unsupervised neural network able to provide effective clustering and data visualization for data represented in multidimensional input spaces. In this paper, we describe Fast Learning SOM (FLSOM) which adopts a learning algorithm that improves the performance of the standard SOM with respect to the convergence time in the training phase. We show that FLSOM also improves the quality of the map by providing better clustering quality and topology preservation of multidimensional input data. Several tests have been carried out on different multidimensional datasets, which demonstrate better performances of the algorithm in comparison with the original SOM.
In this article we present a novel method for mobile phone positioning using a vector space model, suffix trees and an information retrieval approach. The algorithm is based on a database of previous measurements which are used as an index which looks for the nearest neighbor toward the query measurement. The accuracy of the algorithm is, in most cases, good enough to accomplish the E9-1-1 standards requirements on tested data. In addition, we are trying to look at the clusters of patterns that we have created from measured data and we have reflected them to the map. We use Self-Organizing Maps for these purposes.
An attempt is made to describe what string theory is by describing how it evolved from a theory of strong interactions to a fully consistent theory of quantum gravity. We emphasize that the string theory approach to quantum gravity is the most conservative approach as well as clearly stating what the assumptions are and what these assumptions lead to. Finally we look at some of the most interesting developments and highlight contributions by Czech physicists to the development of string theory., Dospěje fyzika k teorii všeho? Překoná dosavadní neslučitelnost dvou fundamentálních, ale konkurenčních teorií přírody? Kvantové fyziky, popisující mikrosvět - svět atomárních a subatomárních objektů, a obecné relativity - teorie gravitace, která dokáže vysvětlit existenci černých děr a rozpínání vesmíru? Dokáže vytvořit jednotnou teorii, která by zahrnovala popis jevů, jež jsou dnes experimentálně prostudovány v rámci té z obou teorií, která je zahrnuje, a prokazují tak její platnost? Potíž spočívá v tom, že tyto teorie jako by neměly nic společného. Vycházejí z různých fyzikálních předpokladů a používají také zcela odlišný matematický aparát. V kvantové teorii například není spektrum přípustných hodnot některých fyzikálních jevů spojité - je kvantováno. V obecné teorii relativity, která je v podstatě geometrickou teorií prostoročasu, je zase všechno "hladké" - podkladovými geometrickými prostory jsou tzv. hladké variety. Od bezvýsledných snah Alberta Einsteina o skloubení obou teorií uplynulo už přes padesát let. Zatím nejdokonalejší kvantová teorie poslední doby, zvaná standardní model, svazuje sice elektromagnetickou, slabou a silnou interakci, zato vůbec nic "neví" o gravitaci - všechny pokusy zahrnout do ní gravitaci "násilím" selhávají., and Rikard von Unge.
Vyšlo při příležitosti mezinárodního bienále Industriální stopy 2009, Hřbetní název:Co jsme si zbořili - deset let, and Hřbetní název: Co jsme si zbořili - deset let