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4902. Beginnings of the Polish provincial coinage: some remarks /
- Creator:
- Paszkiewicz, Borys,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Finance, mincovnictví polské, numizmatika polská, mince polské, mince slezské, and numizmatika
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pocątki polskiej monety dzielnicowej: kilka spostrzeźeń.
- Rights:
- unknown
4903. Behavior of aluminum complexes in the altered coal and low temperature coal ashes
- Creator:
- Pavel Straka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, uhlí, coal, aluminum complexes, altered coal, low temperature ashes, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- An occurrence of tetra-coordinated aluminum in altered coal and low temperature coal ashes was investigated. As altered coal a sample from the Lazy mine (Upper Silesian Coal Basin) was tested, further, low-temperature ashes from different coals were prepared and measured. During preparation the selected coal samples were intensively air-oxidized; 27Al MAS NMR spectra of obtained ashes were then acquired and compared against those for initial coals. A reference wood ash and Al standards were used for identification of Al-forms. It was found that chemical shift at 4 ppm with coals corresponds to that for triaquo-hydroxo-diphenoxido-aluminum(III) complex (THDA), further, the shift at 72 ppm with altered coal and resulting ashes agrees with that for Al tetra-coordinated with oxygen. So, in the presence of coal organics the tetra-coordinated Al is formed under low temperature conditions, because during low temperature ashing the THDA complex is transformed to Al tetra-coordinated with oxygen only at 350 °C. A similar process occurred in the case of oxidation of coal substance under low temperature conditions in the nature at temperatures below 150 °C., Pavel Straka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4904. Behavior of invariant metrics near convexifiable boundary points
- Creator:
- Nikolov, Nikolai
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Carathéodory metric, Kobayashi metric, Azukawa metric, and convexifiable point
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The behaviour of the Carathéodory, Kobayashi and Azukawa metrics near convex boundary points of domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ is studied.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4905. Behavior of participatory firms in Yugoslavia: lessons for transforming economies
- Creator:
- Prasnikar, Janez, Jan Švejnar, Mihaljek, Dubravko, Prasnikar, Vesna, and Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium
- Publisher:
- CERGE
- Format:
- print, svazek, and 30 stran.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hospodářská a výrobní odvětví, ekonomická transformace, průmyslové podniky, firmy, economic transformation, industrial enterprises, firms, Jugoslávie, Yugoslavia, 338, 334.716, 334.72, (497.1), (048.8), 4, and 338.3/.4
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Janez Prasnikar, Jan Svejnar, Dubravko Mihaljek, Vesna Prasnikar. and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4906. Behavioral and antinociceptive effects of different psychostimulant drugs in prenatally methamphetamine-exposed rats
- Creator:
- Anna Yamamotová and Romana Šlamberová
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, antinociception, plantar test, prenatal methamphetamine, psychostimulant drugs, morphine, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine (METH) increases nociceptive sensitivity in adult rats. As the strong analgesics have high abuse potential and drugs of abuse are known to have analgesic properties, the aim was to study analgesic effect of different psychostimulants in control and prenatally METHexposed rats. Latencies of withdrawal reflexes of hind limbs and the tail on thermal nociceptive stimuli were repeatedly measured in 15-min intervals after the application of 5 mg/kg s.c. of amphetamine (AMPH), methamphetamine (METH), cocaine (COC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or morphine (MOR). In all groups, AMPH induced on hind limbs stronger analgesia than METH and MDMA whereas COC and MOR were practically without any effect. On the tail, effect of AMPH did not differ from that of MOR. All psychostimulants increased defecation in comparison with MOR and in all groups the number of defecation boluses positively correlated with analgesia of the hind limbs. We did not confirm that prenatal exposure to METH makes adult rats more sensitive either to same drug or to other psychostimulants. The different analgesic potencies of psychostimulants and MOR at different body sites indicate the possible existence of a somatotopic organization of pain inhibition, which is controlled by different mechanisms., A. Yamamotová, R. Šlamberová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4907. Behaviour and eating habits as determinants for human opisthorchiasis in the Bolsena Lake area, Italy
- Creator:
- Scaramozzino, Paola, Condoleo, Roberto, Martini, Enrica, Bossù, Teresa, Aquilani, Silvia, Spallucci, Valentina, Aquilini, Elisabetta, and Marozzi, Selene
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- dotazníky, parazitologie, questionnaires, parasitology, Opisthorchis felineus, risk factors, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In Italy, food-borne outbreaks of opisthorchiasis have occurred since 2003, all of them originating from some lakes in Central Italy where the only European liver fluke, Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is endemic. The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors that may facilitate the life cycle of O. felineus in the area of Bolsena Lake, the knowledge of the local population about opisthorchiasis, and preventative healthcare measures. We performed a descriptive observational study through the submission of questionnaires to three target populations: fishermen who fish exclusively in Bolsena Lake, restaurateurs whose businesses are close to the lake and general population living in the province of Viterbo. Results showed hazardous behaviours and eating habits in the three target populations, as well as a poor knowledge of opisthorchiasis and preventative healthcare measures., Paola Scaramozzino, Roberto Condoleo, Enrica Martini, Teresa Bossù, Silvia Aquilani, Valentina Spallucci, Elisabetta Aquilini, Selene Marozzi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4908. Behavioural and toxicological responses of Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) to monoterpenes
- Creator:
- Alzogaray, Raúl A., Sfara, Valeria, Moretti, Ariadna N., and Zerba, Eduardo N.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Dictyoptera, Blattellidae, Blattella germanica, German cockroach, locomotor activity, monoterpenes, repellency, knock-down, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1_Certain monoterpenes produced by aromatic plants are known to have lethal and sublethal effects on insects. As there is a need to replace conventional pesticides (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids) with biorational pesticides, we evaluated the behavioural and toxicological responses of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, exposed to the following monoterpenes, namely (+)-a-pinene, (–)-a-pinene, limonene, menthone, linalool, menthyl acetate and geraniol. Locomotor activity and repellency were quantified using a video tracking system. To study the effect on locomotor activity, larvae were exposed to filter papers treated with concentrations of monoterpenes ranging between 1.4 and 1,400 µg/cm2. Only menthyl acetate applied at a concentration of 14 µg/cm2 or higher increased the locomotor activity of the larvae. Repellency was evaluated by exposing larvae to circles of filter paper divided in two equal zones: one zone was treated with a solution of a monoterpene in acetone (14 or 140 µg/cm2) and the other with only acetone. Larvae were repelled by all the monoterpenes tested. The two concentrations of geraniol and the highest concentration of menthyl acetate and linalool were as repellent as DEET (positive control). The fumigant effect was evaluated by exposing larvae to vapour from 100 µl of pure monoterpene in a sealed container., 2_The values of the 50% Knock-down Times (KT50), expressed in minutes, were: (+)-a-pinene: 11.8, (–)-a-pinene: 14.6, limonene: 81.0, menthone: 141.0, and linalool: 238.6. (+)-a-Pinene was as good a fumigant as dichlorvos (positive control, KT50 = 9.7 min). The least effective compounds were menthyl acetate and geraniol (both affected less than 50% of larvae after 490 min of exposure). In conclusion, (+)-a-pinene (for its fumigant effect), menthyl acetate (for its hyperactivant effect) and menthone and geraniol (for their repellent properties) could potentially be used for controlling B. germanica., Raúl A. Alzogaray ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4909. Behavioural evidence for a putative oviposition-deterring pheromone in the butterfly, Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
- Creator:
- Sielezniew, Marcin and Stankiewicz-Fiedurek, Anna M.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, host plant marking behaviour, host plant selection, Maculinea teleius, myrmecophily, oviposition, oviposition-deterring pheromone, Phengaris teleius, Sanguisorba officinalis, social parasite, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Larvae of the endangered Scarce Large Blue butterfly, Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius, are initially endophytic, feeding upon developing seeds of Sanguisorba officinalis, but complete their development as social parasites preying on the brood of Myrmica ants. Females show very specific preferences, laying eggs exclusively in young flower heads of the food plant. In the present contribution we report the results of a detailed study of female behaviour at three sites differing in size and abundance of S. officinalis. Tracked individuals switched between feeding on nectar (nectaring), flight and oviposition. They fed exclusively on flowers of reddish, pink or violet colouration, favouring Viccia cracca and S. officinalis. However, females spent about one fifth of the time they were active ovipositing and laid about 20 eggs per hour. Oviposition visits to flower heads were highly stereotyped and followed a specific ritual. Examination of accepted, rejected and randomly sampled flower heads showed that females avoided those containing conspecific eggs and at a site where this was difficult due to a shortage of suitable flower heads, they tended to distribute their eggs evenly among the available flower heads. Our results indirectly indicate the existence of an oviposition-deterring pheromone (ODP) in P. teleius. This hypothetical marking ensures a more even distribution of eggs and possibly increases the chances of survival of caterpillars by reducing competition during both the phytophagous and myrmecophagous stages of development. There are few reports of butterflies producing ODPs and to our knowledge this is the first evidence of their presence in the family Lycaenidae., Marcin Sielezniew, Anna M. Stankiewicz-Fiedurek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4910. Behavioural responses of grey herons Ardea cinerea and great egrets Ardea alba to human-caused disturbance
- Creator:
- Novčić, Ivana
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anthropogenic disturbance, vigilance, flight response, behaviour, and IBA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study examined the effects of different types on anthropogenic disturbance on behaviours of grey herons Ardea cinerea, and great egrets Ardea alba, that gather in an Important Bird Area near Belgrade (Serbia), during their autumn migration, with the goal of assessing how diverse human-caused stimuli affect the behaviours of foraging and resting birds. I obtained behavioural data through scan sampling, with six categories of behaviour distinguished: vigilant, flying, feeding, comfort, inactive and other. In total, I collected 5,065 observations of individual birds: 1,293 for grey herons and 3,772 for great egrets. Significantly more birds were vigilant or in flight when they were disturbed by construction vehicles, military jets, and rural free-ranging dogs, whereas no statistical significance was associated with shooting and passing cars. Using a linear mixed model, it was shown that a greater proportion of birds was vigilant during disturbance than following disturbance or in the absence of disturbance, whereas air temperature and wind speed were not statistically significant. This study demonstrates that anthropogenic disturbance can alter the behaviour of the study species, which could aid future management and conservation planning.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public