As compared with the swamp reed (SR) ecotype of Phragmites communis growing in the desert region of northwest China, plants of the dune reed (DR) ecotype from the same region possessed lower chlorophyll (Chl) content in leaves, and less thylakoids and grana stacks in chloroplasts. Tube gel electrophoresis without stain showed that the contents of Chl-protein (Pro) components related to photosystem 2 (PS2) were markedly lower in the DR thylakoid membranes than in the SR thylakoid membranes, while the contents of Chl-Pro components associated with PS1 were almost the same in both types. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the content of polypeptides of the light-harvesting Chl a/b complex of PS2 (LHC2) was lower in the DR thylakoids. Besides, the conformation of LHC2 within the DR thylakoid membranes was also altered as indicated by circular dichroism spectra. Hence in the DR, reduced energy harvesting by declining the size of LHC2 might be responsible for the down-regulated PS2 activity. Chl fluorescence parameters. Fv/Fm and quantum efficiency of PS2 (ΦPS2), were lower in the DR leaves than in the SR ones. However, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) was greater in DR than that in SR, implying other energy dissipation way exists in the DR photosynthetic membranes. and X. Y. Zhu, S. M. Wang, C. L. Zhang.
Automatic segmentation, tokenization and morphological and syntactic annotations of raw texts in 45 languages, generated by UDPipe (http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/udpipe), together with word embeddings of dimension 100 computed from lowercased texts by word2vec (https://code.google.com/archive/p/word2vec/).
For each language, automatic annotations in CoNLL-U format are provided in a separate archive. The word embeddings for all languages are distributed in one archive.
Note that the CC BY-SA-NC 4.0 license applies to the automatically generated annotations and word embeddings, not to the underlying data, which may have different license and impose additional restrictions.
Update 2018-09-03
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Added data in the 4 “surprise languages” from the 2017 ST: Buryat, Kurmanji, North Sami and Upper Sorbian. This has been promised before, during CoNLL-ST 2018 we gave the participants a link to this record saying the data was here. It wasn't, sorry. But now it is.
The proportional light absorptance by photosynthetic tissue (α) is used with chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence methods to calculate electron transport rate (ETR). Although a value of α of 0.84 is often used as a standard for calculating ETR, many succulent plant species and species with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) have photosynthetic tissues that vary greatly in color or are highly reflective, and could have values of α that differ from 0.84, thus affecting the calculation of ETR. We measured ETR using Chl fluorescence and α using an integrating sphere in 58 plant species to determine the importance of applying a measured value of α when calculating ETR. Values of α varied from 0.55-0.92 with a mean of 0.82 across species. Differences between ETR values calculated with measured α values ranged from 53% lower to 12% greater than ETR values calculated with a standard α value of 0.84 and were significantly different in 39 out of 58 species. While measurements of ETR using Chl fluorescence represent a rapid and effective assessment of physiological performance, the value of α needs to be considered. Measurements of α, especially on species with light-colored or reflective photosynthetic tissue, will allow more accurate determination of photosynthesis in succulent and CAM species. and J. A. Stemke, L. S. Santiago
We exploited leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Wisconsin 38) with introduced chimeric construct consisting of SAG12 promoter fused with ipt gene for cytokinin synthesis and therefore prolonged life-span. As a control we used its wild type. In 12-week-old plants, the first leaves of control plants showed senescence symptoms at the time of sampling. Carotenoid content decreased with increasing leaf age both in control and in transgenic plants. On the other hand, the first leaves of transgenic plants demonstrated better antioxidant capacity represented by carotenoids compared to the leaves of control plants of the same age. They stayed still green at this age. and D. Procházková, D. Haisel, N. Wilhelmová.