On the basis of the formal and iconographical analysis, after evaluation of the existing literature and taking in consideration hypothetical cultural historical circumstances of the creation of the manuscript, the author of the paper suggests to consider the manuscript a Bolognese school product – from the style group dating to the turning of 1320s and 1330s (in connection with Master from 1328 and his circle and with ties to painters active before Vitale da Bologna, as a point of departure for further development in Val Padana and in Veneto) and supposes that the cardinal Bertrand du Pojet might be a receiver of the manuscript. Dating is shift ed between 1331–1333 on the basis of the research results and on connections with the historical activities of the Luxembourg dynasty members in Italy in that time.
On the basis of the formal and iconographical analysis, after evaluation of the existing literature and taking in consideration hypothetical cultural historical circumstances of the creation of the manuscript, the author of the paper suggests to consider the manuscript a Bolognese school product – from the style group dating to the turning of 1320s and 1330s (in connection with Master from 1328 and his circle and with ties to painters active before Vitale da Bologna, as a point of departure for further development in Val Padana and in Veneto) and supposes that the cardinal Bertrand du Pojet might be a receiver of the manuscript. Dating is shift ed between 1331–1333 on the basis of the research results and on connections with the historical activities of the Luxembourg dynasty members in Italy in that time.
The paper focuses on the patronage of Cardinal Jacoppo Stefaneschi (died 1343) viewed from the perspective of book and monumental painting in the context of more general problems. First it analyses the relationship between the aesthetically discerning patron and Giotto, a celebrated artist tending towards a different style orientation and then it outlines some conceivable ramifications of this association for the further development of Giotto´s workshop. It examines the possible iconographic significance of the Stefaneschi altar in the period political context, and following this proposes more precise dating of the Stefaneschi Triptych and the Codex of St George. This layer of Italian art is immensely inspiring for the subsequent development of Bohemian painting in the period of the Luxembourgs.
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Berbukskaya) seedlings were pre-treated with choline compounds, 19 mM 2-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Ch) or 1.6 mM 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCh), during 24 h, then after 6 d the excised primary leaves were exposed to UV-B and high temperature stress. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, delayed light emission, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and activities of the active oxygen detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were examined. Pre-treatment of plants with Ch or CCh enhanced the resistance of photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemistry to UV-B and heat injuries. The higher stress resistance can be explained by the increased activity of the detoxifying enzymes. The increased content of UV-B-absorbing pigments may also contribute to the enhanced resistance of choline-treated plants to UV-B radiation. and V. D. Kreslavski ... [et al.].
We conducted an experiment to assess the predictive capability of a leaf optical meter for determining leaf pigment status of Acer mono Maxim., A. ginnala Maxim., Quercus mongolica Fisch., and Cornus alba displaying a range of visually different leaf colors during senescence. Concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and total Chl [i.e., Chl (a+b)] decreased while the concentration of carotenoids (Car) remained relatively static for all species as leaf development continued from maturity to senescence. C. alba exhibited the lowest average concentration of Chl (a+b), Chl a, and Car, but the highest relative anthocyanin concentration, while Q. mongolica exhibited the highest Chl (a+b), Chl b, and the lowest relative anthocyanin concentration. A. mono exhibited the highest Chl a and Car concentrations. The relationships between leaf pigments and the values measured by the optical meter generally followed an exponential function. The strongest relationships between leaf pigments and optical measurements were for A. mono, A. ginnala, and Q. mongolica (R2 ranged from 0.64 to 0.95), and the weakest relationships were for C. alba (R2 ranged from 0.13 to 0.67). Moreover, optical measurements were more strongly related to Chl a than to Chl b or Chl (a+b). Optical measurements were not related to Car or relative anthocyanin concentrations. We predicted that weak relationships between leaf pigments and optical measurements would occur under very low Chl concentrations or under very high anthocyanin concentrations; however, these factors could not explain the weak relationship between Chl and optical measurements observed in C. alba. Overall, our results indicated that an optical meter can accurately estimate leaf pigment concentrations during leaf senescence - a time when pigment concentrations are dynamically changing - but that the accuracy of the estimate varies across species., Future research should investigate how species-specific leaf traits may influence the accuracy of pigment estimates derived from optical meters., G. Y. Li, D. P. Aubrey, H. Z. Sun., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Fluorescence microscopy and physiological examination revealed the presence of an inner cylinder of active photosynthetic cells located below the endodermis-like layer in stems of four of the six taxa of the tribe Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae). and S. Redondo-Gómez ... [et al.].
Václav Koranda the Younger (1422-1516) was a traditional Utraquist, who carried on the thinking and the struggle of the Rokycana era whereby the Church offered communion under both kinds. He never moved outside the world of ideas derived from his university education, but at the same time he was strongly influenced by the growing Hussite tradition, seeing the focus of the truth revealed by Christ in the chalice and in other peculiarities of the Utraquist church. The finding of the Krnov Bible moves our knowledge of Koranda's conception of Scripture and of his then common knowledge of biblical exegesis and work with traditional aids for interpreting the Bible. This enables us to conceive Koranda's work with Holy Scripture and his understanding of the Bible as a whole through the interpretational key of "the eternal truth of Jesus Christ".